Table 2. Percentage of Women Up to Date With Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening, United States, 2021.
| Characteristic | Breast cancer screening |
Cervical cancer screening |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Weighted % (95% CI) | P valuea | No. | Weighted % (95% CI) | P valuea | |
| Overall, unadjusted | 6,327 | 75.7 (74.4–76.9) | NA | 8,716 | 75.2 (73.9–76.4) | NA |
| Overall, age-standardizedb | 6,327 | 75.6 (74.4–76.8) | NA | 8,716 | 75.5 (74.2–76.7) | NA |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 21–30 | NA | NA | NA | 1,759 | 67.8 (64.8–70.7) | <.001 |
| 31–40 | NA | NA | 2,308 | 82.3 (80.3–84.1) | ||
| 41–50 | NA | NA | 1,848 | 78.0 (75.5–80.3) | ||
| 51–65 | NA | NA | 2,801 | 73.5 (71.3–75.5) | ||
| 50–64 | 3,850 | 75.3 (73.8–76.8) | .44 | NA | NA | NA |
| 65–74 | 2,477 | 76.3 (74.3–78.2) | NA | NA | ||
| Race | ||||||
| AIAN | 104 | 52.8 (42.5–63.0) | <.001 | 172 | 64.0 (51.3–75.4) | <.001 |
| Asian | 326 | 66.6 (60.2–72.5) | 705 | 63.6 (59.1–68.0) | ||
| Black/African American | 766 | 81.6 (78.0–84.8) | 1,106 | 73.3 (69.4–77.0) | ||
| White | 4,861 | 75.7 (74.3–77.1) | 6,026 | 78.1 (76.6–79.6) | ||
| Other, single and multiple race | 55 | 73.4 (57.7–85.7) | 166 | 72.5 (62.3–81.2) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 215 | 79.4 (72.7–85.1) | 541 | 65.4 (60.4–70.1) | ||
| Ethnicityc | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 5,694 | 75.9 (74.7–77.2) | .29 | 7,203 | 76.7 (75.3–78.1) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 633 | 73.8 (69.8–77.5) | 1,513 | 68.7 (65.6–71.6) | ||
| Mexican/Mexican American | 341 | 72.9 (67.3–78.1) | 823 | 68.0 (64.4–71.4) | ||
| Other Hispanic groupd | 282 | 74.3 (68.0–79.9) | 673 | 69.7 (64.8–74.3) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | 532 | 63.6 (58.3–68.7) | <.001 | 592 | 57.7 (52.6–62.8) | <.001 |
| High school/GED | 1,517 | 72.6 (70.0–75.1) | 1,736 | 66.4 (63.4–69.3) | ||
| Some college | 1,916 | 76.5 (74.2–78.7) | 2,356 | 74.2 (72.1–76.3) | ||
| College degree | 2,335 | 80.7 (78.8–82.4) | 3,999 | 83.8 (82.4–85.1) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 27 | —e | 33 | —e | ||
| Income, %f | ||||||
| ≤138 | 1,060 | 64.8 (61.0–68.5) | <.001 | 1,558 | 67.4 (64.4–70.4) | <.001 |
| >138–250 | 1,154 | 69.5 (65.9–72.9) | 1,639 | 66.1 (63.1–69.0) | ||
| >250–400 | 1,217 | 76.4 (73.4–79.3) | 1,720 | 73.8 (70.9–76.6) | ||
| >400 | 2,896 | 81.4 (79.7–83.0) | 3,799 | 83.4 (81.8–84.9) | ||
| Duration of US residence, y | ||||||
| <10 | 53 | 61.3 (45.7–75.5) | .09 | 358 | 55.9 (49.3–62.3) | <.001 |
| ≥10 | 897 | 73.9 (70.4–77.2) | 1,349 | 69.6 (66.7–72.4) | ||
| Born in the US | 5,260 | 76.5 (75.1–77.8) | 6,797 | 77.7 (76.3–79.0) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 117 | 67.0 (55.2–77.4) | 212 | 68.6 (60.3–76.1) | ||
| County urbanization levelg | ||||||
| Large central metro | 1,678 | 75.5 (72.9–77.9) | .02 | 2,903 | 73.1 (71.0–75.2) | .002 |
| Large fringe metro | 1,544 | 77.2 (74.7–79.6) | 2,130 | 78.5 (76.0–80.7) | ||
| Medium/small metro | 2,097 | 76.3 (74.0–78.5) | 2,568 | 76.1 (73.6–78.5) | ||
| Nonmetropolitan | 1,008 | 72.2 (69.3–74.9) | 1,115 | 72.0 (68.2–75.6) | ||
| Sexual orientation | ||||||
| Lesbian or gay | 97 | 78.8 (68.7–86.8) | .19 | 163 | 71.4 (62.8–78.9) | .03 |
| Straight | 5,976 | 76.0 (74.7–77.2) | 7,867 | 76.0 (74.7–77.3) | ||
| Bisexual | 46 | 60.6 (45.1–74.6) | 328 | 69.4 (62.4–75.9) | ||
| Other | 23 | —e | 73 | 59.6 (44.2–73.7) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 185 | 66.7 (57.3–75.2) | 285 | 65.7 (58.7–72.3) | ||
| Usual source of care | ||||||
| Yes | 5,774 | 78.6 (77.3–79.9) | <.001 | 7,222 | 78.3 (77.0–79.6) | <.001 |
| No | 547 | 44.1 (39.2–49.0) | 1,490 | 61.1 (58.0–64.2) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 6 | —e | 4 | —e | ||
| Insurance | ||||||
| Aged <65 y | ||||||
| Private | 2,807 | 80.1 (78.4–81.7) | <.001 | 5,999 | 79.8 (78.4–81.2) | <.001 |
| Medicaid/other public | 519 | 68.4 (63.4–73.1) | 1,361 | 70.6 (67.3–73.8) | ||
| Other coverage | 233 | 76.8 (69.7–82.9) | 341 | 70.1 (62.9–76.5) | ||
| Uninsured | 283 | 42.3 (35.3–49.6) | 828 | 56.6 (52.4–60.8) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 8 | —e | 15 | —e | ||
| Aged ≥65 yh | ||||||
| Private | 968 | 78.9 (75.9–81.7) | <.001 | 85 | 70.1 (57.9–80.5) | .21 |
| Medicare + Medicaid | 191 | 74.7 (67.0–81.4) | 10 | —e | ||
| Medicare Advantage | 887 | 80.2 (76.9–83.2) | 45 | —e | ||
| Medicare only | 300 | 58.8 (51.6–65.7) | 21 | —e | ||
| Other coverage | 113 | 79.7 (70.4–87.2) | 7 | —e | ||
| Uninsured | 14 | —e | 4 | —e | ||
| Missing/unknown | 4 | —e | 0 | NA | ||
| Disability | ||||||
| Yes | 782 | 65.8 (61.8–69.7) | <.001 | 513 | 64.0 (58.6–69.1) | <.001 |
| No | 5,545 | 77.0 (75.7–78.3) | 8,203 | 75.8 (74.5–77.1) | ||
| Doing errands alone | ||||||
| At least some difficulty | 591 | 65.0 (60.2–69.6) | <.001 | 492 | 60.5 (54.3–66.4) | <.001 |
| No difficulty | 5,735 | 76.8 (75.5–78.0) | 8,224 | 76.1 (74.8–77.4) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 1 | —e | 0 | NA | ||
| Wellness check within 3 years | ||||||
| Yes | 6,066 | 78.1 (76.9–79.3) | <.001 | 8,180 | 77.8 (76.5–79.0) | <.001 |
| No | 249 | 13.8 (9.6–19.0) | 511 | 36.5 (31.6–41.5) | ||
| Missing/unknown | 12 | —e | 25 | —e | ||
Abbreviations: AIAN, American Indian or Alaska Native and includes AIAN only or in combination with another race; GED, general educational development; NA, not applicable; NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics; NHIS, National Health Interview Survey; USPSTF, US Preventive Services Task Force.
P value from Wald F tests, testing for any differences across groups excluding missing or unknown.
Overall percentages are presented unadjusted and age-standardized to the 2000 US standard population. Percentages were age-standardized using the following age groups: 50–64, 65–74 (breast); and 21–34, 35–44, 45–65 (cervical). Percentages by sociodemographic and other variables are unadjusted.
P value reflects differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups.
Information about adults from other Hispanic origin or ethnicity groups is not available in the NHIS public-use file.
Estimates suppressed because they did not meet NCHS reliability standards (8).
Family income as a percentage of the federal poverty threshold, and multiply imputed by NCHS when missing (5,9).
For cervical screening, includes only age 65 years because USPSTF does not recommend routine screening beyond this age.