Table 1. Individual characteristics of caregivers by race and ethnicity.
Note: This table contains 70 original responses.
* The difference between White and Hispanic caregivers is statistically significant. @ The difference between White and Asian American caregivers is statistically significant. ‡ The difference between Hispanic and Asian American caregivers is statistically significant.
| Total (N=70) | White (n=38) | Hispanic (n=16) | Asian American (n=16) | p-value | |
| Age (min, max) | (30, 80) | (42, 80) | (37, 69) | (30, 70) | |
| Age (mean, std.)*‡ | 57.1 (1.3) | 59.1 (1.7) | 50.1 (2.5) | 59.5 (2.9) | 0.641 |
| Female (n, %) | 64 (91.4%) | 34 (89.5%) | 16 (100.0%) | 14 (87.5%) | 0.532 |
| Marriage | 0.052 | ||||
| Single or never married | 10 (14.3%) | 2 (5.3%) | 5 (31.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | |
| Separated, divorced, widowed | 19 (27.1%) | 12 (31.6%) | 5 (31.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Married or living with a partner | 41 (58.6%) | 24 (63.2%) | 6 (37.5%) | 11 (68.8%) | |
| Education‡ | 0.010 | ||||
| High school graduate | 2 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Associate or some college | 19 (27.1%) | 7 (18.4%) | 9 (56.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | |
| College degree | 17 (24.3%) | 11 (29.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | 5 (31.3%) | |
| Graduate degree or above | 32 (45.7%) | 20 (52.6%) | 4 (25.0%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
| Employment@‡ | 0.014 | ||||
| Full time | 46 (65.7%) | 29 (76.3%) | 12 (75.0%) | 5 (31.3%) | |
| Part time | 3 (4.3%) | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Retired | 15 (21.4%) | 5 (13.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
| Self-own business | 3 (4.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (6.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | |
| Not working | 3 (4.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Religion@ | <0.001 | ||||
| Christian or Catholic | 36 (51.4%) | 23 (60.5%) | 13 (81.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Others | 34 (48.6%) | 15 (39.5%) | 3 (18.8%) | 16 (100.0%) | |
| No. of languages*@‡ | 1.5 (0.09) | 1.2 (0.11) | 1.8 (0.21) | 2.2 (0.10) | <0.001 |
| Device ownership (multiple choices) | |||||
| Smartphone | 68 (97.1%) | 36 (94.7%) | 16 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | 1.000 |
| Computer@ | 62 (88.6%) | 37 (97.4%) | 13 (81.3%) | 12 (75.0%) | 0.024 |
| Tablet | 46 (65.7%) | 25 (65.8%) | 11 (68.8%) | 10 (62.5%) | 1.000 |
| Smart home appliance | 16 (22.9%) | 10 (26.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.801 |
| No. of devices (mean, std. deviation)* @ | 2.7 (0.09) | 2.8 (0.12) | 2.7 (0.20) | 2.6 (0.22) | 0.224 |
| Health insurance type (multiple choices) | |||||
| Medicare | 22 (31.4%) | 14 (36.8%) | 3 (18.8%) | 5 (31.3%) | 0.462 |
| Medicaid or other government insurance | 3 (4.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (6.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0.589 |
| Private insurance | 53 (75.7%) | 30 (79.0%) | 14 (87.5%) | 9 (56.3%) | 0.116 |
| Dental insurance | 38 (54.3%) | 22 (57.9%) | 11 (68.8%) | 5 (31.3%) | 0.085 |
| Vision insurance@ | 33 (47.1%) | 21 (55.3%) | 9 (56.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.036 |
| VA or military | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.457 |
| Long-term care insurance | 6 (8.6%) | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0.274 |
| None | 2 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.099 |
| No. of driving days (min, max) | (0, 7) | (2, 7) | (3, 7) | (0, 7) | |
| No. of driving days (mean, std. deviation) @ | 5.8 (0.20) | 6.0 (0.27) | 6.1 (0.36) | 5.2 (0.50) | 0.181 |