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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 26.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2023 Oct 16;186(22):4757–4772. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.023

Figure 3: Stages of clinical development for typical AD new molecular entity drugs.

Figure 3:

Nonclinical refers to in vitro, cell culture and animal model studies prior to moving forward with first in human clinical trials through an Investigational New Drug (IND) or equivalent process.