FIGURE 3.

Metabolic cascade induced by exposures to sustained periods of strict bed rest. This cascade ultimately results in a plethora of adverse events, including development of whole body insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic inflexibility (i.e., the inability of the body to adjust substrate use to changes in substrate availability), and alterations on body composition (increased fat mass and muscle atrophy) (173). FFA, free-fatty acids; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein. Image was created with mindthegraph.com, with permission.