Table 5.
Summary of acute (<24 h) and longer term (>2 wk) beneficial effects (experimental/intervention) of reducing/interrupting sedentary behavior in adults and older adults, as evidenced by meta-analyses
| Outcomes | Acute Effects |
Longer Term Effects |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Difference | References | Mean Difference | References | |
| Body mass and composition | ||||
| Body weight, kg | NA | −0.6 (−0.9 to −0.2) | 30 | |
| NS | 31, 32 | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | NA | NS | 30, 31 | |
| Waist circumference, cm | NA | −0.7 (−1.2 to −0.2) | 30 | |
| −1.5 (−2.8 to −0.2) | 31 | |||
| NS | 32 | |||
| Body fat percentage, % | NA | −0.3 (−0.5 to −0.0) | 30 | |
| −0.7 (−1.3 to −0.1) | 31 | |||
| Fat mass, kg | NA | −0.8 (−0.9 to −0.6) | 32 | |
| NS | 30 | |||
| Fat-free mass, kg | NA | NS | 30 | |
| Glucose metabolism | ||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | NA | −2.5 (−4.3 to −0.8) | 32 | |
| NS | 30, 31 | |||
| Postprandial glucose, % or SMDa | −17.5 (−26.2 to −8.7) | 86 | ? | |
| −0.4 (−0.5 to −0.2) | 87 | |||
| −0.5 (−0.7 to −0.4) | 88 | |||
| −0.3 (−0.6 to −0.03) | 188 | |||
| −0.7 (−1.0 to −0.4) | 188 | |||
| Fasting insulin, pM, | NA | −1.4 (−2.8 to −0.0) | 30 | |
| −2.3 (−4.4 to −0.3) | 32 | |||
| Postprandial insulin, % or SMDa | −25.1 (−31.8 to −18.3) | 86 | ? | |
| −0.4 (−0.5 to −0.2) | 87 | |||
| −0.6 (−0.7 to −0.4) | 88 | |||
| −0.8 (−1.2 to −0.5) | 188 | |||
| NS | 188 | |||
| HbA1c, % | NA | −0.2 (−0.3 to −0.04) | 31 | |
| NS | 30 | |||
| Lipid metabolism | ||||
| Fasting triglycerides, mg/dL | NA | NS | 30, 31, 32 | |
| Postprandial triglycerides, SMDa | −0.3 (−0.4 to −0.1) | 88 | ? | |
| NS | 86, 87 | |||
| Fasting total cholesterol, mg/dL | NA | NS | 30, 31, 32 | |
| Fasting LDL, mg/dL | NA | NS | 30, 31, 32 | |
| Fasting HDL, mM | NA | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.07) | 30 | |
| NS | 31, 32 | |||
| Cardiorespiratory system | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | −4.4 (−7.4 to −1.5) | 129 | −1.1 (−2.1 to −0.0) | 30 |
| NS | 188 | NS | 32 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | −2.4 (−4.5 to −0.3) | 129 | NS | 30, 31, 32 |
| Flow-mediated dilation, %FMD | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.0) | 33 | 0.9 (0.3 to 1.6) | 33 |
| 1.9 (0.4 to 3.4) | 130 | |||
| NS | 24 | |||
| Pulse wave velocity, m/s | 0.02 (−0.27 to 0.32) | 33 | 0.27 (−0.32 to 0.87) | 33 |
| Shear rate, s−1 | 12.7 (7.9 to 17.5) | 33 | ? | |
Data are presented as mean difference (95% confidence interval) between reducing/interrupting sedentary behavior and prolonged sedentary behavior/control group. aAs measured by area under the curve. ?, No data available; NA, not applicable; NS, nonsignificant; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SMD, standard mean difference.