An overview of landmark studies. A timeline of landmark studies investigating skeletal muscle adaptations to mechanical overload in rodents and subsequent resistance training studies in humans. fCSA, myofiber cross-sectional area; MPB, muscle protein breakdown; MPS, muscle protein synthesis; mTOR, mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin; p70S6K, 70-kDa S6 protein kinase; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.