Past research and future directions regarding the delineation of gene polymorphisms associated with hypertrophic outcomes. This schematic (constructed with BioRender.com, with permission) provides a summary of past efforts examining genetic polymorphisms associated with the skeletal muscle hypertrophic response to resistance training in humans. As mentioned in main text, future methods using deep DNA sequencing and bioinformatics are needed to garner additional information in this area. FAMuSS, Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Human Muscle Size and Strength; RT, resistance training; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.