Table 1.

FDA-approved drugs for treatment of glioblastoma - a high grade glioma (HGG).

Sl No.	Drug/Therapy employed	FDA approval and year	Mechanism	Approved for	Application Route	OS	PFS @6months duration
1.	TMZ (Temozolomide)	FDA approval in 2005	Nonspecific alkylating agent that causes mismatch repair in DNA by methylation at the O6 position of guanine	All high grades of glioma	Oral	14.616.1 months	53.90% [1]
2.	Lomustine (CCNU)	FDA approval in 1976	Nonspecific alkylating agent that causes crosslinking of DNA and RNA in dividing cells triggering cell death	Recurrent HGG (High Grade Glioma)	Oral	11.5 months	No supporting data yet [42]
3.	Carmustine (BCNU)	FDA approval in 1977	Nonspecific alkylating agent that causes crosslinking of DNA and RNA in dividing cells; also binds to and modifies glutathione reductase	Recurrent HGG	IV	11.75 months	No supporting data yet [42]
4.	Carmustine wafer implants (BCNU wafers)	FDA approval in 2003	Nonspecific alkylating agent that causes crosslinking of DNA and RNA in dividing cells; also binds to and modifies glutathione reductase	Recurrent HGG	Implanted	13.9 months	No supporting data yet [42]
5.	Bevacizumab (BVZ)	FDA approval in 2009	Targeted therapeutic antibody that binds and inhibits VEGF protein in tumor cells	Recurrent HGG	IV	9.3 months	36% [1]
6.	TTF (Tumor treating Fields)	FDA approval in 2015	Low-intensity (1–3 V/cm), intermediate frequency (200 kHz) alternating electric fields that disrupt mitosis in tumor cells	Recurrent and new HGG	On scalp	20.520.9 months	56% [43]