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. 2023 Nov 2;43(1):04. doi: 10.35946/arcr.v43.1.04

Figure 1. Schematic representation of mTOR anabolic signaling in skeletal muscle.

Figure 1

The schematic highlights proteins that have been shown to be affected by acute (red lightning bolt icon) and chronic (light gray lightning bolt icon) alcohol intake in the skeletal muscle. Note: 4E-BP1, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein; Akt, protein kinase B; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; eEF2k, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase; GAP, GTPase activating proteins; GATOR2, toward Rags complex 2; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; LAMTOR, late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTORC1 activators; mTORC1, mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 kinase; REDD1, regulated in development and DNA damage response 1; Rheb, Ras homolog enriched in brain; S6K1, S6 kinase 1; TSC1, tuberous sclerosis complex 1; TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2.