Table 5.
Mechanism of acupuncture on the regulation of factors associated with neuronal response in peripheral nerve injury.
| Animal study | Model | Acupoints | Acupuncture type/parameter | Major effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al. (2015) | MS | GV6 GV9 |
EA/1-2 mA, 2/60 Hz, 20 min | NT-3↑, differentiation of oligodendrocyte-like cells from grafted NR-MSCs in the demyelinated spinal cord↑ |
| Hu et al. (2018) | Sciatic nerve injury | GB30 ST36 |
EA/20 mA, 5 Hz, 15 min | Compare to model-only group: sciatic functional index↑, recovery rate of conduction velocity↑, diameter recovery of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers↑, S100-immunoreactive cells↑, nerve growth factor↑; treatment groups: not differ |
| Zhao X. et al. (2018) | MCAO | GV20 | EA/1-2 mA, 2/10 Hz, 30 min | miR-132↑, SOX2↓ |
| Cui et al. (2017) | SD rats | ST36 SP6 |
EA/3 mA, 2/15 Hz, 30 min | miR-7a-5p↓, miR-148a-3p ↓, miR-124-3p↑, miR-204-5p ↓, miR-370-3p↓, miR-221-3p ↑, miR-107-3p↑ |
| Du and Liu (2015) | Diabetic models | ST36 | EA/1 mA, 10/100 Hz, 30 min | The mRNA and protein level of the enteric neurons↑, GDNF in colon↑, p-Akt in colon↑ |
| Yu et al. (2017) | SNI models | GB30 ST36 | EA/2 mA, 5 Hz, 30 min | Agrin ↑, AChR-ε↑, AChR-γ↓ |
MS, multiple sclerosis; NT-3, neurotrophin-3; NR-MSCs, neurotrophin-3 and retinoic acid preinduced mesenchymal stem cells; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; GDNF, glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; SNI, sciatic nerve injury; AChR, acetylcholine receptor; SFI, sciatic nerve functional index; CSA, cross-sectional area.