Table 2.
Oligonucleotide primers used for detection of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm genes
| Primers | Sequences | Amber classification | Genes | Size of PCR-amplified product (bp) | Annealing temperature (°C) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-F | GGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTC | B | IMP | 232 | 56 | (20) |
| IMP-R | GGTTTAACAAAACAACCACC | |||||
| VIM-F | GTTTGGTCGCATATCGCAAC | B | VIM | 389 | 56 | (21) |
| VIM-R | AATGCGCAGCACCAGGATAG | |||||
| GES-F | ATGCGCTTCATTCACGCAC | - | GES | 591 | 56 | (22) |
| GES-R | CTATTTGTCCGTGCTCAGG | |||||
| NDM-F | GGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTC | B | NDM | 621 | 56 | (20) |
| NDM-R | CGGAATGGCTCATCACGATC | |||||
| blaOXA48 -F | GCGTGGTTAAGGATGAACAC | D | bla OXA48 | 438 | 56 | (20) |
| blaOXA48 -R | CATCAAGTTCAACCCAACCG | |||||
| SHV-F | ATGCGTTATATTCGCCTGTG | A | SHV | 896 | 56 | (22) |
| SHV-R | AGATAAATCACCACAATGCGC | |||||
| KPC-F | CGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTG | A | KPC | 798 | 50 | (Saffar et al., 2016) |
| KPC-R | CTTGTCATCCTTGTTAGGCG | |||||
| qnrB-F | GATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGG | - | qnrB | 469 | 50 | (23) |
| qnrB-R | ACGATGCCTGGTAGTTGTCC | |||||
| FOX-F | CACCACGAGAATAACC | - | bla FOX | 1184 | 50 | (24) |
| FOX-R | GCCTTGAACTCGACCG | |||||
| QnrA-F | ATTTCTCACGCCAGGATTTG | - | qnrA | 516 | 52 | (23) |
| QnrA-R | GATCGGCAAAGGTTAGGTCA | |||||
| QnrS-F | ACGACATTCGTCAACTGCAA | - | qnrS | 417 | 52 | (23) |
| QnrS-R | TAAATTGGCACCCTGTAGGC | |||||
| CITMF | TGG CCA GAA CTG ACA GGC AAA | Amp C | LAT-1TOLAT-4,CYM-2 | 462 | 55 | (25) |
| CITMR | TTT CTC CTG AAC GTG GCT GGC | TO CYM-7, BIL-1 | ||||
| MOXMF | GCT GCT CAA GGA GCA CAG GAT | Amp C | MOX1,2 | 520 | 55 | (25) |
| MOXMR | CAC ATT GAC ATA GGT GTG GTG C | CYM1, 8 to 11 | ||||
| DHAMF | AAC TTT CAC AGG TGT GCT GGG T | Amp C | DHA1,2 | 405 | 55 | (25) |
| DHAMR | CCG TAC GCA TAC TGG CTT TGC | |||||
| FOXMF | AACATGGGGTATCAGGGAGATG | Amp C | FOX-1 TO FOX-5b | 190 | 55 | (25) |
| FOXMR | CAAAGCGCGTAACCGGATTGG | |||||
| sdiA-for | AATATCGCTTCGTACCAC | - | sdiA | 274 | 53 | (26) |