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. 2023 Nov 6;13:19137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-46679-8

Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival before matching.

Variables Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
HR 95% CI p-value HR 95% CI p-value
Age in years 1.04 1.03 ~ 1.05  < 0.001 1.03 1.02 ~ 1.03  < 0.001
Gender
 Male (reference) 1 1
 Female 0.54 0.46 ~ 0.65  < 0.001 0.75 0.71 ~ 0.81  < 0.001
Grade
 Well (reference) 1 1
 Moderately 2.91 1.49 ~ 5.68 0.002 1.88 1.45 ~ 2.43  < 0.001
 Poorly differentiated 3.20 1.63 ~ 6.28 0.001 2.54 1.95 ~ 3.31  < 0.001
 Undifferentiated 4.74 1.64 ~ 13.70 0.004 3.38 1.79 ~ 6.41  < 0.001
 Unknown 10.67 5.64 ~ 20.18  < 0.001 1.87 1.44 ~ 2.43  < 0.001
Cell type
 AD 1 1
 SqCC 2.24 1.84 ~ 2.73  < 0.001 1.46 1.36 ~ 1.28  < 0.001
 Others 1.20 0.96 ~ 1.50 0.112 1.55 1.41 ~ 1.69  < 0.001
T status
 T1a (reference) 1 1
 T1b 0.59 0.28 ~ 1.26 0.174 1.14 0.95 ~ 1.37 0.150
 T1c 0.76 0.35 ~ 1.64 0.481 1.38 1.15 ~ 1.66 0.001
 T2a 1.06 0.56 ~ 2.00 0.851 2.06 1.72 ~ 2.46  < 0.001
 T2b 1.60 0.84 ~ 3.05 0.150 2.95 2.43 ~ 3.60  < 0.001
 T3 1.87 1.01 ~ 3.46 0.045 3.06 2.55 ~ 3.67  < 0.001
 T4 3.96 2.15 ~ 7.29  < 0.001 4.50 3.76 ~ 5.39  < 0.001
Surgical methods
 Wedge resection 1
 Segmentectomy 0.73 0.51 ~ 1.05 0.099 0.79 0.55 ~ 1.14 0.204
 Lobectomy/bilobectomy 0.89 0.74 ~ 1.07 0.203 0.82 0.68 ~ 0.98 0.033
 Others or unknown 4.90 4.15 ~ 5.80  < 0.001 3.40 2.79 ~ 4.16  < 0.001
Adjuvant chemotherapy
 Yes (reference) 1 1
 No 2.60 2.17 ~ 3.11  < 0.001 1.86 1.60 ~ 2.16  < 0.001

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, AD adenocarcinoma, SqCC squamous cell carcinoma.