Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival before matching.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age in years | 1.04 | 1.03 ~ 1.05 | < 0.001 | 1.03 | 1.02 ~ 1.03 | < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male (reference) | 1 | – | 1 | |||
| Female | 0.54 | 0.46 ~ 0.65 | < 0.001 | 0.75 | 0.71 ~ 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| Grade | ||||||
| Well (reference) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Moderately | 2.91 | 1.49 ~ 5.68 | 0.002 | 1.88 | 1.45 ~ 2.43 | < 0.001 |
| Poorly differentiated | 3.20 | 1.63 ~ 6.28 | 0.001 | 2.54 | 1.95 ~ 3.31 | < 0.001 |
| Undifferentiated | 4.74 | 1.64 ~ 13.70 | 0.004 | 3.38 | 1.79 ~ 6.41 | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 10.67 | 5.64 ~ 20.18 | < 0.001 | 1.87 | 1.44 ~ 2.43 | < 0.001 |
| Cell type | ||||||
| AD | 1 | 1 | ||||
| SqCC | 2.24 | 1.84 ~ 2.73 | < 0.001 | 1.46 | 1.36 ~ 1.28 | < 0.001 |
| Others | 1.20 | 0.96 ~ 1.50 | 0.112 | 1.55 | 1.41 ~ 1.69 | < 0.001 |
| T status | ||||||
| T1a (reference) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| T1b | 0.59 | 0.28 ~ 1.26 | 0.174 | 1.14 | 0.95 ~ 1.37 | 0.150 |
| T1c | 0.76 | 0.35 ~ 1.64 | 0.481 | 1.38 | 1.15 ~ 1.66 | 0.001 |
| T2a | 1.06 | 0.56 ~ 2.00 | 0.851 | 2.06 | 1.72 ~ 2.46 | < 0.001 |
| T2b | 1.60 | 0.84 ~ 3.05 | 0.150 | 2.95 | 2.43 ~ 3.60 | < 0.001 |
| T3 | 1.87 | 1.01 ~ 3.46 | 0.045 | 3.06 | 2.55 ~ 3.67 | < 0.001 |
| T4 | 3.96 | 2.15 ~ 7.29 | < 0.001 | 4.50 | 3.76 ~ 5.39 | < 0.001 |
| Surgical methods | ||||||
| Wedge resection | 1 | |||||
| Segmentectomy | 0.73 | 0.51 ~ 1.05 | 0.099 | 0.79 | 0.55 ~ 1.14 | 0.204 |
| Lobectomy/bilobectomy | 0.89 | 0.74 ~ 1.07 | 0.203 | 0.82 | 0.68 ~ 0.98 | 0.033 |
| Others or unknown | 4.90 | 4.15 ~ 5.80 | < 0.001 | 3.40 | 2.79 ~ 4.16 | < 0.001 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | ||||||
| Yes (reference) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No | 2.60 | 2.17 ~ 3.11 | < 0.001 | 1.86 | 1.60 ~ 2.16 | < 0.001 |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, AD adenocarcinoma, SqCC squamous cell carcinoma.