Table 5.

Relative risks (95% CIs) of pneumonia mortality from different infectious causes due to non-optimum temperature, classified by age, sex, geographic zones and education level.

	Influenza-related pneumonia	p-value	Viral pneumonia	p-value	Bacterial pneumonia	p-value
Extremely low temperaturea
Age
<75	2.98 (1.29, 6.91)	0.62	1.69 (1.21, 2.35)	0.44	1.78 (1.36, 2.33)	0.95
≥75	2.31 (1.43, 3.72)		1.99 (1.57, 2.51)		1.80 (1.52, 2.12)
Sex
Male	2.49 (1.41, 4.42)	0.94	2.06 (1.58, 2.68)	0.29	1.80 (1.49, 2.18)	0.97
Female	2.40 (1.30, 4.44)		1.67 (1.26, 2.22)		1.81 (1.44, 2.28)
Region
South	1.77 (1.10, 2.84)	0.31	1.73 (1.44, 2.06)	0.67	1.69 (1.48, 1.93)	1.00
North	2.68 (1.43, 5.02)		1.86 (1.43, 2.41)		1.69 (1.40, 2.03)
Education
Juniorc	2.31 (1.52, 3.52)	0.40	2.05 (1.66, 2.54)e	0.02	1.82 (1.55, 2.13)	0.77
Highd	4.77 (0.96, 23.72)		1.18 (0.77, 1.81)e		1.72 (1.25, 2.37)
Extremely high temperatureb
Age
<75	1.23 (0.97, 1.56)	0.30	1.16 (1.02, 1.32)	0.11	1.25 (1.11, 1.41)	0.13
≥75	1.46 (1.18, 1.81)		1.32 (1.20, 1.45)		1.39 (1.30, 1.49)
Sex
Male	1.55 (1.21, 1.99)	0.33	1.24 (1.12, 1.37)	0.51	1.30 (1.20, 1.41)	0.12
Female	1.30 (1.01, 1.67)		1.31 (1.16, 1.47)		1.43 (1.31, 1.56)
Region
South	1.23 (1.00, 1.50)	0.11	1.22 (1.11, 1.34)	0.11	1.24 (1.16, 1.34)e	0.0001
North	1.66 (1.23, 2.22)		1.39 (1.22, 1.58)		1.60 (1.45, 1.78)e
Education
Juniorc	1.49 (1.23, 1.80)	0.07	1.26 (1.16, 1.37)	0.90	1.39 (1.30, 1.49)	0.10
Highd	0.98 (0.65, 1.47)		1.23 (0.89, 1.71)		1.22 (1.06, 1.40)

Abbreviations: CIs, confidence intervals.

^aExtremely low temperature: the 1st percentile of temperature distribution (−12.9 °C, −16.7 °C, −16.9 °C), and the referent temperature is the minimum risk temperature (23.3 °C, 22.3 °C, 21.9 °C).

^bExtremely high temperature: the 99th percentile of temperature distribution (30.7 °C, 31.0 °C, 30.9 °C), and the referent temperature is the minimum risk temperature (23.3 °C, 22.3 °C, 21.9 °C).

^cJunior: Junior high school and below.

^dHigh: High school and above.

^eSignificant between-stratum difference.