Figure 2.

Roles of Mg²⁺ and Magnesium Transporters (MGTs) in plants: (Upon entry into the root stele, Mg²⁺ ions are shuttled into xylem vessels by transport proteins, aiding their distribution to the aerial parts. Mg²⁺ is central to photosynthesis because of its position in the chlorophyll. It catalyses ATP synthesis, CO2 fixation, and carbohydrate production, thereby fostering plant growth. Inside the cells, Mg²⁺ supports protein synthesis, DNA replication, and ATP utilization. These ions are essential for chlorophyll synthesis, enzyme activation and nucleic acid production. MGTs are also vital for Mg²⁺ absorption, transport, and utilization in reproductive organs, influencing pollen development, fruit quality, and stress tolerance).