Table 1. Baseline and Follow-Up Characteristics of the Expression, Proteomics, Imaging, Clinical (EPIC) Study and Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Cohort (SMSC)a.
| Characteristic | EPIC | SMSC | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 609 | 1290 | NA |
| Age | 42.0 (35.0-50.0) | 41.2 (32.5-49.9) | .04 |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Female | 424 (69.6) | 850 (65.9) | .11 |
| Male | 185 (30.4) | 440 (34.1) | |
| Race and ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
| African American | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | <.001 |
| Asian | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | |
| Hispanic | 22 (3.6) | 10 (0.8) | |
| White | 582 (95.6) | 1265 (98.1) | |
| Other | 1 (0.2) | 7 (0.5) | |
| EDSS | 1.5 (1.0-3.0) | 2.0 (1.5-3.5) | <.001 |
| RMS, No. (%) | 530 (87.0) | 1160 (89.9) | .06 |
| Disease duration, y | 6.0 (2.0-13.0) | 7.0 (2.1-13.8) | .03 |
| Disease modifying treatment, No. (%) | |||
| Monoclonal abs | 13 (2.1) | 321 (24.9) | <.001 |
| Orals | 3 (0.5) | 437 (33.9) | |
| Platform | 347 (57.0) | 156 (12.1) | |
| Untreated | 246 (40.4) | 376 (29.1) | |
| Follow-up, y | 10.2 (7.1-11.2) | 7.0 (4.4-8.7) | <.001 |
| Disease modifying treatment at last follow-up, No. (%) | |||
| Monoclonal absc | 66, (10.8) | 542 (42.0) | <.001 |
| Oralsd | 103 (16.9) | 498 (38.6) | |
| Platforme | 199 (32.7) | 56 (3.2) | |
| Untreated | 241 (39.6) | 194 (15.0) | |
| CDW events during follow-up, No. (%) | |||
| None | 419 (68.8) | 910 (70.5) | .29 |
| 1 Event | 158 (25.9) | 332 (25.7) | |
| 2 Events | 27 (4.4) | 41 (3.2) | |
| 3 Events or more | 5 (0.8) | 7 (0.5) | |
| CDW-R events during follow-up, No. (%) | |||
| None | 575 (94.4) | 1202 (93.2) | .59 |
| 1 Event | 32 (5.3) | 83 (6.4) | |
| 2 Events | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.4) | |
| 3 Events or more | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| CDW-NR events during follow-up, No. (%) | |||
| None | 446 (73.2) | 986 (76.4) | .15 |
| 1 Event | 139 (22.8) | 268 (20.8) | |
| 2 Events | 20 (3.3) | 34 (2.6) | |
| 3 Events or more | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.2) |
Abbreviations: abs, antibodies; CDW, confirmed disability worsening; CDW-NR, confirmed disability worsening independent of clinical relapses; CDW-R, confirmed disability worsening with clinical relapses; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; NA, not applicable; orals, oral disease-modifying treatments; RMS, relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Values shown are median and interquartile range, unless mentioned otherwise.
P values calculated with Mann-Whitney test and χ2 test for median and for categorical variables, respectively.
Monoclonal abs include alemtuzumab, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and rituximab.
Orals include cladribine, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, ozanimod, siponimod, and teriflunomide.
Platform treatments include interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, and others (eg, immunosuppressive drugs).