Table 1.

Age-standardized characteristics at diagnosis among 5788 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, by post-diagnosis zinc supplement use, 1986–2016^*.

	Levels of supplement zinc dosage, mg/day
	Non-user	1–24 mg/d	25–74 mg/d	≥75 mg/d
	(n=4937)	(n=290)	(n=470)	(n=91)
Age at diagnosis, continuous, mean (SD)	69.1 (7.0)	69.9 (7.8)	69.6 (7.0)	70.1 (7.7)
Year of diagnosis, continuous, mean	2000	2000	1999	1999
White, %	97	97	97	97
Family history of prostate cancer†, %	20	23	21	18
BMI at diagnosis in kg/m2, mean (SD)	26.0 (3.4)	25.6 (3.0)	25.8 (3.2)	25.6 (3.1)
Clinical stage, %
T1	62	56	61	62
T2	35	43	36	36
T3a	3	1	3	3
Gleason score, %
2–6	58	60	55	61
7	28	26	27	26
8–10	10	9	10	10
Missing	5	5	8	4
Primary PCa treatment, %
Radical prostatectomy	48	41	44	39
Radiation Therapy	37	40	36	39
Hormones (ADT)	5	6	6	7
Other	10	13	15	16
PSA levels at diagnosis, ng/mL %
<4	12	16	12	11
4–9.9	57	59	53	56
10–19.9	17	11	19	16
≥20	7	7	8	7
Missing	7	7	8	11
Current smoker, %	3	3	4	2
Current aspirin use, %	44	49	44	45
Diabetes, %	10	7	11	8
Vigorous physical activity in MET-h/week, mean (SD)	9.1 (17.8)	9.6 (19.1)	10.9 (22.0)	10.9 (20.8)
Dietary zinc intake in mg/day, mean (SD) ‡	12 (5)	12 (4)	12 (4)	13 (8)
Multivitamin use, %	62	78	78	76
Selenium supplement use, %	7	58	49	65
Vitamin A supplement use, %	3	42	30	42
Vitamin E supplement use, %	33	87	78	87

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; MET, metabolic equivalent.

^*Estimates are age-standardized to the age distribution of the study population at prostate cancer diagnosis, except age itself.

^†Family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives.

^‡Nutrients are adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method.