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. 2023 Sep 20;48:bjad038. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjad038

Table 3.

DASS-21 distributions in the total sample, females and males.

DASS-21 category Total Females Males
n (%) n (%) n (%)
DASS-D
 Normal 266 (62.7) 217 (63.8) 49 (58.3)
 Mild 58 (13.7) 49 (14.4) 9 (10.7)
 Moderate 48 (11.3) 39 (11.5) 9 (10.7)
 Severe 24 (5.7) 13 (3.8) 11 (13.1)
 Extremely severe 28 (6.6) 22 (6.5) 6 (7.1)
DASS-A
 Normal 277 (65.3) 215 (63.2) 62 (73.8)
 Mild 28 (6.6) 27 (7.9) 1 (1.2)
 Moderate 62 (14.6) 50 (14.7) 12 (14.3)
 Severe 26 (6.1) 21 (6.2) 5 (6.0)
 Extremely severe 31 (7.3) 27 (7.9) 4 (4.8)
DASS-S
 Normal 273 (64.4) 213 (62.7) 60 (71.4)
 Mild 54 (12.7) 44 (12.9) 10 (11.9)
 Moderate 59 (13.9) 46 (13.5) 13 (15.5)
 Severe 29 (6.8) 28 (8.2) 1 (1.2)
 Extremely severe 9 (2.1) 9 (2.7) 0 (0)

DASS-D, depression; DASS-A, anxiety; DASS-S, stress. Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.