Table 2.
Relative risk ratio (RRR) showing the effect of background characteristics on unhygienic and both method of MHP: results from multinomial logistic regression analysis, NFHS-5
| Background characteristics | Unhygienic | Both | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||
| Age group | ||||||
| 15–19 years ® | ||||||
| 20–24 years | 1.189*** | 1.155 | 1.224 | 1.202*** | 1.173 | 1.233 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never in union ® | ||||||
| Currently married/Living with partner | 1.185*** | 1.150 | 1.221 | 0.98 | 0.955 | 1.006 |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 1.710*** | 1.484 | 1.971 | 1.174* | 1.019 | 1.354 |
| Place of Residence | ||||||
| Urban ® | ||||||
| Rural | 1.637*** | 1.580 | 1.696 | 1.424*** | 1.386 | 1.463 |
| Region | ||||||
| North ® | ||||||
| Central | 3.145*** | 3.029 | 3.265 | 2.417*** | 2.345 | 2.492 |
| East | 1.226*** | 1.177 | 1.277 | 1.073*** | 1.037 | 1.111 |
| Northeast | 1.451*** | 1.382 | 1.524 | 1.334*** | 1.280 | 1.391 |
| West | 1.888*** | 1.803 | 1.978 | 0.735*** | 0.704 | 0.767 |
| South | 0.626*** | 0.594 | 0.659 | 0.639*** | 0.616 | 0.664 |
| Caste | ||||||
| SC ® | ||||||
| ST | 1.095*** | 1.053 | 1.139 | 0.923*** | 0.890 | 0.957 |
| OBC | 1.100*** | 1.065 | 1.135 | 1.068*** | 1.039 | 1.098 |
| Others | 0.920*** | 0.885 | 0.957 | 0.901*** | 0.872 | 0.931 |
| Religion | ||||||
| Hindu ® | ||||||
| Muslim | 1.843*** | 1.778 | 1.910 | 1.613*** | 1.564 | 1.664 |
| Christian | 0.799*** | 0.753 | 0.848 | 0.919** | 0.873 | 0.967 |
| Others | 0.627*** | 0.585 | 0.671 | 0.805*** | 0.764 | 0.848 |
| Education | ||||||
| No education ® | ||||||
| Primary | 0.734*** | 0.690 | 0.781 | 0.945 | 0.884 | 1.010 |
| Secondary | 0.303*** | 0.289 | 0.317 | 0.679*** | 0.645 | 0.715 |
| Higher | 0.140*** | 0.132 | 0.149 | 0.510*** | 0.481 | 0.541 |
| Wealth Index | ||||||
| Poorest ® | ||||||
| Poorer | 0.535*** | 0.518 | 0.553 | 0.830*** | 0.804 | 0.858 |
| Middle | 0.319*** | 0.307 | 0.331 | 0.635*** | 0.613 | 0.657 |
| Richer | 0.201*** | 0.193 | 0.211 | 0.506*** | 0.486 | 0.526 |
| Richest | 0.102*** | 0.096 | 0.108 | 0.337*** | 0.322 | 0.352 |
| Toilet facility | ||||||
| Improved toilet facility ® | ||||||
| Unimproved toilet facility | 1.349*** | 1.275 | 1.427 | 1.079** | 1.022 | 1.139 |
| No facility/open defecation | 1.300*** | 1.259 | 1.342 | 1.043** | 1.011 | 1.076 |
| Mass media exposure | ||||||
| No ® | ||||||
| Low | 0.695*** | 0.673 | 0.717 | 0.928*** | 0.906 | 0.951 |
| High | 0.810*** | 0.747 | 0.878 | 1.084** | 1.024 | 1.147 |
® Reference category; *, **, *** refers to < 0.05, < 0.01 and < 0.001 level of significance
SC Schedule Caste, ST Schedule Tribe, OBC Other Backward Classes