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. 2023 Nov 6;52:72. doi: 10.1186/s40463-023-00656-3

Table 2.

The invaded structures classified by the difficulty of surgical resection

Category Invaded structures ENPG IMRT P value
Easily resectable tumors Confined to base wall of the sphenoid sinus 19 29 0.612
Superficial clivus 21 30
Ethmoid sinus 11 7
Maxillary sinus 3 4
Pterygoid structures 38 46
Potentially resectable tumors Beyond base wall of the sphenoid sinus 18 21 0.431
Inner table of the clivus 17 14
Petrous apex 30 41
ICA 14 23
Meninges 6 8
Cavernous sinus 17 24
Non-functional brain area 3 1
Orbit 7 2
Optic nerve 3 2

Pterygoid structures including medial/lateral plate of pterygoid process, root of pterygoid process, maxillary fissure of pterygoid process, and pterygopalatine fossa; ICA Internal Carotid Artery