Table 5.

Summary of key data extracted from sources included in this systematic review

	Case reports	Treatment interventions	Cross-sectional studies
	(Clinical)	(Clinical)	(Clinical)	(Non-Clinical)
Number of Studies	4	15	1	8
Sample (n) range	1	1–32	10	66–6156
Age range (y)	11–64	2–42	> 16	5-Adulthood*
Gender	50% F	28% F	100% F	44% F^
Engagement method	Clinical assessment	In-home Intervention Telehealth Face to face clinic sessions	Retrospective clinical data collation	Face-to-face interviews Face-to-face computer assisted personal interview Questionnaires Online survey Vignette-based online survey In person study measure completion
Assessment Instruments	Montréal Cognitive Assessment DSM-5 ED assessment	MINI EDE-Q DASS-21	–	SF12v1 FFQ EDE MMPI-2-RF EDDS-DSM-5
Other measures	Nutritional blood screen MRI CT scan DEXA bone scan Neurological status Neuropsychology examination BMI X-ray Physical examination Dietary history Background history	BMI Measures relating to food consumption and treatment acceptability Caregiver satisfaction	Diagnosis Demographics Relapse/readmission rates Length of stay BMI Refeeding method Medical complications	ARFID-related questions Demographics Physical HRQoL Diagnosis Comorbidity Management Short-term outcomes Anthropometrics Background history
Key Findings	Health consequences of ARFID can be varied, severe, and irreversible if not addressed.	Interventions implemented included: CBT Behaviour analytic treatment FBT + UP-C/A Caregivers prioritised quick and effective treatments over minimising side-effects. Behaviour analytic treatments had high caregiver acceptability ratings.	Only one study reported clinical cases, and these were adults. Clinical cross-sectional studies are urgently required.	Clinicians rated ICD-11 favourably. An ARFID vignette resulted in multiple diagnoses under the ICD-10 condition. When presented with a typical case vignette suggestive of ARFID, the majority of NZ health professional respondents did not label the case as ARFID in a multichoice answer, and 89.7% said there was “no consensus” on a label. ARFID prevalence in South Australians was 1 in 300, and is associated with poorer mental HRQoL and significant functional impairments (compared to those without an ED). HSUV for individuals with ARFID is low (0.74), secondary only to those with threshold ED (0.68). Prevalence of severe fussy eating in NZ children = 1.9–2.8%.

^* Ages not reported in one study of health professionals, and > 15y or  > 16y age range described in two other studies

^ Gender was not reported for one cross sectional study of health professionals, and a further study reported a single transgender individual, and one individual of undisclosed gender that are not included in the % F reported in the summary table

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), Body mass index (BMI), Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), Computerised Tomography (CT), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Eating disorder (ED), Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), Eating Disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q), Family Based Treatment (FBT), Female (F), Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Health state utility values (HSUVs), The International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10), The International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C/A)