Table 1.
Weighted baseline characteristics of participants
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 661) | Q1 (n = 163) | Q2 (n = 172) | Q3 (n = 174) | Q4 (n = 152) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 68.62 (6.49) | 68.15 (6.59) | 68.47 (6.75) | 69.30 (6.57) | 68.57 (6.04) | 0.479 |
| Female gender (%) | 53.0 | 54.9 | 52.0 | 49.5 | 55.4 | 0.783 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| <25 | 31.4 | 47.4 | 35.2 | 27.0 | 16.3 | |
| 25–30 | 38.7 | 35.6 | 42.6 | 45.9 | 31.0 | |
| ≥30 | 29.8 | 17.0 | 22.2 | 27.0 | 52.7 | |
| Ethnicity (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 83.8 | 82.4 | 84.3 | 81.7 | 86.6 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6.8 | 10.2 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 2.1 | |
| Others | 9.4 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 11.2 | 11.2 | |
| Education (%) | 0.122 | |||||
| Below high school | 4.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 3.0 | |
| High school graduate | 7.5 | 2.8 | 9.3 | 10.6 | 7.5 | |
| Above high school | 88.2 | 92.0 | 85.5 | 85.6 | 89.6 | |
| Income-poverty ratio | 3.36 (1.50) | 3.59 (1.48) | 3.41 (1.50) | 3.21 (1.60) | 3.23 (1.39) | 0.309 |
| Smoking (%) | 49.9 | 45.1 | 48.3 | 53.5 | 52.8 | 0.570 |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | 76.2 | 74.4 | 78.3 | 72.5 | 79.6 | 0.522 |
| Physical activity (%) | 48.8 | 56.7 | 47.4 | 48.6 | 42.7 | 0.236 |
| Hypertension (%) | 54.4 | 41.6 | 41.3 | 61.3 | 73.0 | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure (%) | 6.1 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 12.2 | 0.017 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 0.988 |
| Stroke (%) | 5.2 | 9.3 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 4.7 | 0.066 |
| TC, mg/dl | 197.99 (39.41) | 187.04 (33.64) | 195.04 (37.73) | 199.78 (41.25) | 209.96 (41.28) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.52 (0.55) | 7.85 (0.25) | 8.31 (0.11) | 8.67 (0.12) | 9.24 (0.27) | < 0.001 |
| CERAD test score | 26.93 (6.20) | 28.12 (6.54) | 27.40 (5.53) | 26.29 (6.35) | 25.94 (6.15) | 0.024 |
| AFT score | 18.82 (5.59) | 19.67 (6.36) | 18.99 (5.33) | 18.20 (5.56) | 18.42 (4.98) | 0.332 |
| DSST score | 54.70 (16.67) | 55.99 (17.64) | 54.97 (16.01) | 52.43 (17.67) | 55.36 (15.21) | 0.548 |
Abbreviations: The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD); Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST); Animal Fluency test (AFT); TC: Total cholesterol
The CERAD test included CERAD-WL and CERAD-DR.
Continuous variables were shown in mean (SD) and categorical variables were shown in percentages