Table 7.

Effects of prenatal and growing thermal environments of pigs on biochemical composition and metabolic traits of the Semispinalis capitis muscle

	Thermal environment
	Prenatal1		Growing1				P-value2
	PTN	PHS	GTN		GHS	RMSE	PE	GE	PE × GE
n	24	24	24		24
Biochemical composition, on wet basis
Water, %	72.7	72.7	72.2		73.3	0.9	0.993	0.007	0.207
Protein, %	19.1	19.1	19.4		18.9	0.7	0.998	0.055	0.168
Intramuscular fat, %	7.07	7.00	7.35		6.72	1.22	0.889	0.130	0.673
Lactate, µmol/g	49.2	49.3	49.9		48.6	8.4	0.973	0.592	0.482
Free glucose + G6P, µmol/g	3.83	4.12	3.95		4.00	1.50	0.516	0.905	0.266
Glucose (glycogen), µmol/g	5.43	7.84	6.24		7.04	4.66	0.124	0.574	0.387
Glycolytic potential, µmol eq. lactate/g	67.9	73.3	70.6		70.6	17.9	0.331	0.992	0.359
Metabolic enzyme activities, µmol substrate/min and per g of wet muscle
LDH3	643	621	652	613		79	0.496	0.248	0.718
HAD3	10.4	11.1	10.9	10.6		1.6	0.159	0.627	0.966
CS3	12.9	14.2	13.8	13.3		1.6	0.065	0.462	0.766

¹Least square means estimated from raw data. PTN, prenatal thermoneutral environment; PHS, prenatal heat stress; GTN, growing thermoneutral environment; GHS, growing heat stress.

² P-values of the fixed effects of prenatal thermal environment (PE), growing thermal environment (GE), and their interaction (PE × GE), and RMSE (root mean square error of the model) obtained from mixed model in which sire, sow (within PE), pen (within PE × GE) and slaughter day were included as random effects.

³LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; HAD, β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; CS, citrate synthase.