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. 2023 Jul 10;120(29):e2214320120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2214320120

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Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

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Fig. 2. — Optimization of tooth design for efficient immunostimulation. (A and B) Effect of dsRNA lengths and sequences. (C and D) Effect of gap RNA lengths in cRNA between two regions complementary to 5′ppp-RNA and mRNA. (E and F) Effect of the dsRNA tooth and mRNA codelivery method. Introduction of a 24-nt GU-repeat tooth alone and separate introduction of mRNA and a 24-nt GU-repeat tooth were performed. (G and H) Effect of tooth numbers. The teeth used possessed dsRNA with 24-bp GU-repeat and a 2-nt gap (dsRNA24-GUrepeat/2-gap). Transcript levels of interferon (IFN)-β (A, C, E, and G) and interleukin (IL)-6 (B, D, F, and H) were measured using quantitative PCR 4 h after mRNA introduction to DC2.4 cells. n = 5 in (A–D) and n = 6 in (E–H).