Fig. 4.

Variation of (A) CRE radiative fluxes defined as the difference between clear-sky and all-sky conditions for shortwave (red) and downwelling longwave (blue) radiations along the AI, (B) global map of the climatological variation in total CRE, (C) variation of estimated clear-sky temperatures (temperature without the clouds) and all-sky temperatures (temperature with observed conditions) along the AI, and (D) global map of cloud radiative cooling of surface temperatures calculated as the temperature difference between clear-sky and all-sky conditions.