Table 2.
Regression results of email response, wallet recovery, and complete wallet contents recovery from foreign research assistants’ perspectives††
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Email (N = 496) | Email (N = 496) | Email (N = 496) | Wallet recovery (N = 496) | Wallet recovery (N = 496) | Complete wallet contents recovery (N = 496) | Complete wallet contents recovery (N = 496) | Complete wallet contents recovery (N = 496) | ||
| Money | 10.214* | 12.142** | 12.167** | 1.399 | 2.162 | 2.046 | −9.588* | −10.066* | −10.282* |
| (4.011) | (4.325) | (4.335) | (3.621) | (3.817) | (3.812) | (4.032) | (4.287) | (4.259) | |
| Male | −10.750* | −15.770** | −8.632* | −3.934 | −10.433* | −2.509 | |||
| (4.434) | (5.790) | (4.134) | (6.033) | (4.633) | (6.286) | ||||
| Age ≥ 40 | −8.945 | −8.054 | −1.461 | −1.736 | 3.317 | 1.723 | |||
| (5.280) | (6.400) | (5.371) | (7.169) | (5.782) | (7.209) | ||||
| Computer | −3.757 | −4.524 | 4.242 | 9.237 | 5.023 | 10.905 | |||
| (5.456) | (7.190) | (5.052) | (7.270) | (5.553) | (7.379) | ||||
| Coworkers | −2.755 | 1.672 | −2.021 | −3.016 | −4.326 | −3.651 | |||
| (5.653) | (6.953) | (5.047) | (6.490) | (5.707) | (7.021) | ||||
| Other bystanders | 1.637 | 2.921 | −4.584 | −8.315 | −1.635 | −10.444 | |||
| (4.811) | (6.516) | (4.346) | (6.167) | (4.966) | (6.199) | ||||
| % of rice paddies | 0.074 | 0.456*** | 0.389** | ||||||
| (0.131) | (0.116) | (0.133) | |||||||
| Controls: | |||||||||
| City | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Institution | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| N | 496 | 434 | 434 | 496 | 434 | 434 | 496 | 434 | 434 |
| R 2 | 0.035 | 0.065 | 0.070 | 0.075 | 0.097 | 0.105 | 0.061 | 0.081 | 0.100 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.007 | 0.022 | 0.015 | 0.048 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.034 | 0.039 | 0.047 |
Notes: The OLS estimates are presented with robust SE in parentheses. The dependent variables “Email”, “Wallet Recovery”, and “Complete Wallet Contents Recovery” were assigned the value of 100 if a wallet was reported or recovered and 0 otherwise. “Money” is a binary variable for the treatment. In columns (2), (5), and (8), binary control variables were included to account for individual and situational factors, such as the recipient’s age (above 40 y), gender (male), and the presence of a computer, coworkers, and other bystanders. In columns (3), (6), and (9), a control variable “% of rice paddies” represents the percentage of cultivated land devoted to rice paddies in each province in 1996 (as explained by ref. 65). A complete set of interactions between the treatment and demeaned covariate of individual and institutional factors were included (69). Finally, all models include city and institution fixed effects. Significance levels: ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P <0.001.
††The regression results from undercover observers’ perspectives were not presented, because of the small sample size (n= 250), the outcomes were not significant.