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. 2023 Oct 23;14:1286838. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286838

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Copyright © 2023 Teaney and Cyr

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Insulin resistance affects many tissues via FoxO1 nuclear retention. Insulin resistance in T2D results in less activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Decreased insulin induced PI3K/AKT signaling enhances FoxO1 nuclear retention and activity, which mediates many cellular responses across tissue types, including liver, skeletal muscle, adipose, pancreas, and brain. Created with BioRender.com.