. 2023 Oct 31;2023:4285042. doi: 10.1155/2023/4285042

Table 1.

IC₅₀ values of Moringa oleifera leaves evaluated for bovine Babesia and equine Babesia and Theileria parasites.

Organism	IC₅₀ (µg/ml)^a
Organism	MOL	DA	Zingiber officinale rhizome^b	Turmeric (Curcuma longa)^c	Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel^d
B. bovis	45.29 ± 6.14	0.16 ± 0.02	588 ± 23.80	830 ± 78	154.45 ± 23.11
B. bigemina	19.16 ± 0.45	0.08 ± 0.003	14800 ± 1240	ND	40.90 ± 9.35
T. equi	137.49 ± 16.07	0.28 ± 0.01	39350 ± 1340	1405 ± 575	100 ± 16.20
B. caballi	9.29 ± 0.014	0.012 ± 0.003	356.05 ± 34.71	720 ± 90	77.27 ± 16.94

^aThe final IC₅₀s obtained represents the mean ± SD of values obtained from three separate experiments. ^b[9], ^c[10], ^d[11]. MOL, Moringa oleifera leaves methanolic extract. DA, diminazene aceturate. ND not detected.