Table 1.

Various plants and their Chemical Constituents.

Sr. no.	Name	Botanical name	Part used	Phytochemical constituents	References
1	Turmeric	Curcuma longa L.	Rhizome and stem	Curcumin, vanillic acid	[43–45]
2	Aloe vera	Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.	Plant	Aloin, chromone	[52–55]
3	Tulsi	Ocimum sanctum L. (synonym of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.)	Leaf	Copaene, ursolic acid	[65, 66]
4	Sage	Salvia officinalis L.	Leaves	8-Cineole, camphor, Α-thujone, Β-thujone, borneol, and viridiflorol	[70, 71, 112]
5	Chamomile	Matricaria recutita L. (synonym of matricaria chamomilla blanco)	Flowers	Sabinene, bisabolol	[74–76]
6	Peppermint	Mentha × piperita L.	Leaves	Menthol, carvone	[50, 72, 83]
7	Tea tree	Melaleuca alternifolia cheel	Leaves	Terpinene, terpineol	[86, 89, 90]
8	Purple coneflower	Echinacea	Whole plant	Ketoalkenes, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins	[50, 93]
9	Rosemary	Rosmarinus officinalis L.	Leaves	Camphene, borneol	[94–96]
10	Red clover	Trifolium pratense L.	Flower and leaves	Pratensein, biochanin A	[97, 98]
11	Wintergreen	Gaultheria procumbens L.	Leaves	Methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate	[99]
12	Barberry	Berberis vulgaris L.	Dates	Berberine, palmatine	[100, 101]
13	Black cohosh	Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) nutt.	Root	Fukinolic acid, isoferulic acid	[101]
14	Clove oil	Syzygium aromaticum (L.) merr. & L.M.Perry	Buds, leaves and stems	Eugenol, methyleugenol, isoeugenol	[103, 113]
15	Evening primrose	Oenothera biennis L.	Seeds	G-linolenic, stearic acid (1.5–3.5%), palmitic acid (7–10%), linoleic acid (cis-linoleic acid) (65–80%), oleic acid (6–11%), acid (Cis-G-Linolenic acid) (8–14%), triterpene alcohols, sterols	[41],
16	Garlic	Allium sativum L.	Bulb	Organosulfur compounds, saponins, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides	[105, 106, 114]
17	Ginger	Zingiber officinale roscoe	Rhizomes	Gingerols, shogaols, and paradols, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol	[108, 115]
18	Neem	Azadirachta indica A.Juss.	Leaves, bark, fruits, seeds	Azadirachtin, nimbolinin, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbidol, sodium nimbinate, gedunin, salannin, and quercetin	[11, 109, 116]
19	Haritaki	Terminalia chebula retz.	Bark, roots, stems, leaves, fruits	Gallic acid methyl ester, tannins, chebulagic acid, corilagin, chebulinic acid, cerulenin, punicalagin, gallic acid, terchebulin, and terminalic acid, flavonols	[111, 117]