Table 2.
Comparison of the main volatile constituents of the EO of S. germanica L. from different regions.
| Plant collecting region | Main volatile compounds % | Other volatile compounds | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria | Camphor (52.955%) geranyl-p-cymene (10.49%) | β-Farnesene (3.97%) trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (2.66%) bornyl acetate (2.54%) camphene (2.52%) | Present study |
| Greece1 | Germacrene-D (21.3%) (−)-(E)-caryophyllene (18.4%) | δ-Cadinene (6.8%) (−)-α-copaene (6.6%) (+)-caryophyllene oxide (5.9%) dodecanal (5.3%) bicyclogermacrene (2.4%) | [21] |
| Former yugoslavian republic of Macedonia1 | (E)-Nerolidol (13.5%) caryophyllene oxide (13.4%) | Germacrene-D (8.1%) camphor (5.7%) β-caryophyllene (5.1%) valeranone (4.8%) (E)-β-farnesene (3.1%) | [38] |
| Hungary | Ethyl hexadecanoate (32.73%) germacrene-D (7.32%) | β-Phellandrene (4.76%) trans-β-farnesene (1.98%) sabinene (1.48%) | [42] |
| Serbia | Borneol (9.27%) bicyclogermacrene (8.97%) | β-Farnesene (5.7%) spathulenol (4.6%) humulene epoxide (4.24%) farnesene epoxide (4.08%) 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol (4.07%) | [43] |
| Serbia | Germacrene-D (16.49%) phenyl ethyl heptanoate (13.75%) (E)-β-farnesene (13.26%) | 2-Acetyl-naphthalene (7.21%) (Z)-β-ocimene (5.02%) (+) β-pinene (4.28%) octyl 2-methyl butyrate (2.8%) bicyclogermacrene (2.4%) | [18] |
| Italy | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (33.3%) hexadecanoic acid (22.1%) | Epi-Bicyclosesquiphellandrene (6.1%) 4-vinylguaiacol (3.4%) cis-β-farnesene (3%) α-bisabolol (3%) tetradecanoic acid (2.5%) | [4] |
| Italy2 | Germacrene-D (39.4%) phytol (10.2%) | β-Bourbonene (3.5%) β-ylangene (3.3%) hexadecanoic acid (3.2%) | [34] |
| Italy2 | Limonene (24.1%) β-pinene (18.7%) germacrene-D (12.8%) | (E)-Nerolidol (6.6%) β-ylangene (4.4%) β-elemene (3%) | [34] |
| Turkey1 | Germacrene-D (27.1%) β-caryophyllene (15.7%) caryophyllene oxide (12.8%) | τ-Muurolol (4.8%) α-cadinene (3.9%) spathulenol (3.7%) α-copaene (3.2%) geranyl acetate (3.1%) | [22] |
| Turkey3 | Germacrene-D (23.2%) β-caryophyllene (14.8%) | α-Copaene (7.7%) caryophyllene oxide (6.9%) trans-β-farnesene (6.8%) spathulenol (5.8%) α-cadinene (4.9%) | [22] |
1 S. germanica L. ssp. heldreichii; 2S. germanica L. ssp. salviifolia; 3S. germanica L. ssp. bithynica.