Table 4.
Characteristics of Studies Integrated relating to RQ1–2.
| No | Authors | Study Design | Study Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kimura et al., 2013 | Case-control | 269 Japanese aged ≥ 75 (mean age 80.6 ± 4.7 years; 88 males, 181 females) | N = 105, poor masticatory function | N = 164, good masticatory function | MMSE, HDSR, FAB, number of present teeth |
| 2 | Takehara et al., 2020 | Case-control | 369 Australian men aged ≥ 78 (mean age: 83.8 ± 4.2 years) | N = 101, poor masticatory function; N= 17, with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24) | N = 268, good masticatory function: N= 352, normal (MMSE score ≥ 24) | MMSE, number of present teeth |
| 3 | Elsig et al., 2015 | Case-control | 29 with dementia (75 years or older); 19 cognitively normal and 3 with mild cognitive impairment | N = 29, with Dementia (mean age: 82.5 ± 6.3 years; 7 males, 22 females) | N = 22, normal (19) or with mild cognitive impairment (3) (mean age: 81.9 ± 6.5 years; 5 males, 17 females) | MMSE, number of present teeth |
| 4 | Miura et al., 2003 | Case-control | 88 Japanese women aged ≥ 65 | N = 44, with cognitive impairment (HDSR score ≤20, mean age: 81.1 ± 5.5 years) | N = 44, normal (HDSR score ≥ 21, mean age: 82.3 ± 8.0 years) | HDSR, number of present teeth |
| 5 | Cho et al., 2021 | Case-control | 308 Koreans aged ≥ 65 (mean age: 78.69 6 ± 5.76 years, 68 males, 240 females | N = 109, with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24) | N = 199, normal (MMSE score ≥ 24) | MMSE, number of present teeth |
| 6 | Lexomboon et al., 2012 | Case-control | 557 Swedish aged ≥ 77 (mean age: 83.0 ± 4.7 years) | N = 123, with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24; 41 males, 82 females) | N = 434, normal (MMSE score ≥ 24; 188 males, 246 females) | MMSE, number of present teeth |
| 7 | Seraj et al., 2017 | Case-control | 50 older adults aged ≥ 60 (25 males, 25 females) | N = 31, with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24, mean age: 73.5 ± 11.8 years; 14 males, 17 females) | N = 19, normal (MMSE score ≥ 24, mean age: 67.7 ± 5.4 years; 11 males, 8 females) | MMSE, number of present teeth |
| 8 * | Shin et al., 2020 | Case-control | 101 Korean women aged ≥ 65 (mean age: 80.64 ± 4.83 years) | N = 29, poor masticatory function; N= 40, with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24) | N = 36, good masticatory function; N= 61, normal (MMSE score ≥ 24) | MMSE, Number of present teeth |
*Studies not included in the meta-analyses but considered as evidence (see Discussion).
RQ: Research question; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, HDSR: Hasegawa-Dementia Scale-Revised; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery.