Table 3.
Prevalence of nutrient deficiency from preoperative up to 12 months after Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass.
| Nutritional biochemistry test | Cut off for deficiency | Sleeve Gastrectomy | Gastric Bypass | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative (n = 90–126) | 1–3 months postoperative (n = 92–130) | 6 months postoperative (n = 94–130) | 12 months postoperative (n = 86–118) | Preoperative (n = 63–66) | 1–3 months postoperative (n = 53–64) | 6 months postoperative (n = 52–56) | 12 months postoperative (n = 42–48) | ||
| Haemoglobin |
M: <130 g/L F: <120 g/L |
10 (8%) | 12 (9%) | 10 (8%) | 11 (9%) | 14 (21%) | 11 (17%) | 13 (23%) | 3 (7%)* |
| Ferritin | <30 ug/L | 16 (13%) | 17 (14%) | 22 (19%) | 23 (22%) | 11 (17%) | 7 (12%) | 9 (17%) | 13 (27%) |
| Transferrin Saturation | <16% | 56 (44%) | 26 (21%)*** | 24 (20%)*** | 21 (20%)** | 34 (52%) | 23 (39%)* | 15 (28%)** | 6 (13%)*** |
| Iron deficiency | Ferritin <30 ug/L & Trans sat <16% | 9 (7%) | 8 (7%) | 11 (10%) | 13 (12%) | 8 (12%) | 8 (12%) | 6 (9%) | 4 (6%) |
| Vitamin B12 | <110 pmol/La | 0 (0%) | 3 (3%) | 4 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (4%) |
| 110–133 pmol/Lb | 4 (3%) | 4 (3%) | 5 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 13 (20%) | 1 (2%)** | 4 (7%)* | 6 (13%) | |
| Folate | <10 nmol/L | 3 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 11 (9%) | 8 (8%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 5 (9%) | 3 (6%) |
| Copper | <11 umol/L | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ceruloplasmin | <1.48 umol/L | 0 (0%) | 4 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) |
| Vitamin D | <30 nmol/Lc | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) |
| 30–50 nmol/Ld | 35 (27%) | 7 (6%)*** | 8 (7%)*** | 10 (9%)*** | 16 (24%) | 10 (17%) | 8 (15%) | 10 (21%) | |
| Parathyroid hormone | >7 pmol/L | 29 (25%) | 17 (14%) | 14 (12%) | 13 (14%) | 11 (17%) | 12 (20%) | 9 (17%) | 14 (29%) |
| Vitamin B1 | <0.9 nmol/g Hb | 8 (9%) | 13 (13%) | 10 (9%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (6%) | 12 (21%)** | 6 (11%) | 2 (4%) |
| Vitamin A | <1.1 umol/L | 2 (3%) | 11 (21)** | 7 (13%) | 2 (4%) | ||||
| Retinol Binding Protein | <1.4 umol/L | 3 (5%) | 12 (21%)** | 10 (19%)* | 4 (9%) | ||||
| Vitamin E | <11 umol/L | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
| Vitamin C | <11 umol/L | 2 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
| Zinc | <8 umol/L | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | ||||
| plGPx | <370 U/L | 25 (39%) | 33 (59%)* | 28 (53%) | 11 (23%) | ||||
| rbcGPx | <25 U/g Hb | 5 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 4 (8%) | 6 (13%) | ||||
trans sat transferrin saturation, plGPx plasma glutathione peroxidase, rbcGPx red blood cell glutathione peroxidase.
*p < 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01, ***p < 0.001 using McNemar’s test.
aVitamin B12 deficiency.
bVitamin B12 insufficiency.
cVitamin D deficiency.
dVitamin D insufficiency.