Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Study design | Participants | Study Duration | Intervention | Control group | Simple size | Age (year) | Sex (F/M) | Body composition | Blood pressure (mmHg) | Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | Lipid level (mg/dl) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kahleova, 2014 | Randomized crossover | Patients with diabetes | 12w | eTRE (14:10) + CR (500 kcal/d deficit) | CR (500 kcal/d deficit) | 54 | 59.4 ± 7.0 | 25/29 |
Weight: 94.1 ± 15.5(kg) |
SBP: 140.0 ± 14.0 DBP: 85.0 ± 8.0 |
UN | UN |
| Pureza, 2020 | RCT | Women with obesity | 12 m | Broader TRE (12:12) + CR (500-1000 kcal/d deficit) | CR (500-1000 kcal/d deficit) | 58 | 31.0 ± 7.0 | 58/0 |
Weight: 80.8 ± 11.7 (kg) WC: 101.0 ± 10.3(cm) |
SBP: 125.7 ± 13.5 DBP: 86.3 ± 11.8 |
UN | UN |
| Peeke, 2021 | RCT | Patients with obesity | 8w | eTRE (14:10) + CR (500–1000 kcal/d deficit) | TRE (12:12) + CR (500–1000 kcal/d deficit) | 78 | 44.0 ± 11.0 | 68/10 |
Weight: 123.4 ± 20.6 (kg) |
UN | 103.2 ± 30.8 | UN |
| Lin, 2021 | RCT | Middle-aged women with overweight or obesity | 8w | Broader TRE (16:8) + CR (1400 kcal/d) | CR (1400 kcal/d) | 63 | 54.2 ± 7.9 | 63/0 |
Weight: 65.9 ± 9.2 (kg) WC: 88.4 ± 8.9 (cm) |
SBP: 121.2 ± 14.4 DBP: 73.2 ± 10.8 |
88.9 ± 8.1 |
TC: 187.5 ± 34.7 TG: 106.1 ± 43.2 LDL: 108.0 ± 529.2 |
| Jamshed, 2022 | RCT | Patients with obesity | 14w | eTRE (16:8) + CR (500 kcal/d deficit) | CR (500 kcal/d deficit) | 90 | 43.0 ± 11.0 | 78/18 |
Weight: 108.8 ± 20.6(kg) Fat mass: 52.5 ± 14.4(kg) |
SBP: 124.0 ± 13.0 DBP: 81.0 ± 9.0 |
105.0 ± 16.0 |
TC: 203.0 ± 38.0 TG: 117.0 ± 64.0 LDL: 118.0 ± 28.0 |
| Queiroz, 2022 | RCT | Patients with overweight or obesity | 8w |
eTRE (16:8) + CR (25 % energy deficit) dTRE (16:8) + CR (25 % energy deficit) |
CR (25 % energy deficit) | 48 | 30.0 ± 6.0 | 31/6 |
Weight: 82.9 ± 12.8(kg) |
SBP: 111.0 ± 12.0 DBP: 77.0 ± 11.0 |
98.0 ± 8.0 | TG: 95.0 ± 33.0 |
| Liu, 2022 | RCT | Patients with obesity | 12 m | eTRE (16:8) + CR (man: 1500-1800kcal/day, woman: 1200- 1500 kcal/day) | CR (man: 1500-1800kcal/day, woman: 1200- 1500 kcal/day) | 139 | 31.9 ± 9.1 | 71/68 |
Weight: 88.2 ± 11.6(kg) Fat mass: 33.1 ± 6.8(kg) Lean mass: 51.0 ± 8.5 |
SBP: 125.0 ± 12.1 DBP: 73.8 ± 9.5 |
91.5 ± 14.4 |
TC: 196.3 ± 35.4 TG: 133.8 ± 61.0 LDL: 130.1 ± 31.8 |
| Thomas, 2022 | RCT | Patients with BMI of 27 to 45 kg/m2 | 12w | eTRE(14:10) + CR(10-35% energy deficit) | CR (10-35% energy deficit) | 85 | 38 ± 7.8 | 69/16 |
Weight: 94.8 ± 18.2 Fat mass: 40.7 ± 11.5 |
UN | UN | UN |
BMI Body mass index, RCT Randomized controlled trial, TRE Time-restricted eating, eTRE early time-restricted eating, dTRE Delayed time-restricted eating, CR calorie restriction, F Female, M Male, WC Waist circumference, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, LDL low-density lipoprotein.