Table 2.
Subgroup analysis of weight loss and body composition.
| Outcomes of interest | Weight loss | WC | Fat mass | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies, no. | WMD (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2, % | Studies, no. | WMD (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2, % | Studies, no. | WMD (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2, % | |
| Intervention | |||||||||
| eTRE+CR | 6 | −1.42 (−1.84, −1.01) | 0 | 4 | −1.88 (−3.83, 0.08) | 79.39 | 4 | −0.74 (−1.47, −0.02) | 0 |
| dTRE+CR | 1 | −0.80 (−2.86, 1.26) | - | 1 | −0.80 (−3.02, 1.42) | - | 1 | −0.50 (−1.99, 0.99) | - |
| TRE + CR | 2 | −0.75 (−4.45, 2.95) | 0 | 2 | −1.22 (−4.67, 2.23) | 0 | −0.50 (−2.63, 1.63) | - | |
| Daily fasting to eating ratio | |||||||||
| 16:8 | 4 | −1.50 (−2.49, −0.52) | 0 | 4 | −0.97 (−2.13, 0.20) | 0 | 4 | −0.74 (−1.51, 0.02) | 0 |
| 14:10 | 3 | −1.39 (−1.84, −0.94) | 0 | 1 | −3.77 (−4.64, −2.90) | - | 1 | −0.70 (−1.97, 0.57) | - |
| 12:12 | 1 | −0.06 (−6.45, 6.33) | - | 1 | −2.85 (−8.58, 2.88) | - | - | - | - |
| Mean baseline BMI | |||||||||
| BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 7 | −1.41 (−1.82, −1.00) | 0 | 5 | −2.03 (−3.74, −0.31) | 71.37 | 4 | −0.75 (−1.44, −0.06) | 0 |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and<30 kg/m2 | 1 | −1.10 (−5.64, 3.44) | - | 1 | −0.30 (−4.61, 4.01) | - | 1 | −0.50 (−2.63, 1.63) | - |
| Study location | |||||||||
| Asia | 2 | −1.58 (−3.58, 0.42) | 0 | 2 | −1.48 (−3.48, 0.53) | 0 | 2 | −1.06 (−2.37, 0.25) | 0 |
| Europe | 1 | −1.40 (−1.87, −0.93) | - | 1 | −3.77 (−4.64, −2.90) | - | - | - | - |
| North America | 3 | −1.78 (−2.84, −0.72) | 0 | 1 | −1.20 (−3.76, 1.36) | - | 2 | −0.95 (−1.92, 0.03) | 0 |
| South America | 2 | −0.45 (−2.08, 1.17) | 0 | 2 | −0.68 (−2.33, 0.98) | 0 | 1 | −0.12 (−1.32, 1.08) | - |
| Duration | |||||||||
| <12w | 3 | −0.88 (−2.19, 0.42) | 0 | 2 | −0.46 (−2.06, 1.15) | 0 | 2 | −0.21 (−1.26, 0.83) | 0 |
| >12w | 5 | −1.46 (−1.89, −1.03) | 0 | 4 | −2.69 (−4.17, −1.20) | 44.69 | 3 | −1.06 (−1.91, −0.22) | 0 |
BMI Body mass index, TRE Time-restricted eating, eTRE early time-restricted eating, dTRE Delayed time-restricted eating, CR calorie restriction, WC Waist circumference, WMD Weight mean difference.