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. 2023 Oct 9;20(11):1716–1728. doi: 10.1038/s41592-023-02036-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a–c, CRISPR-DREAM and the SAM system activated downstream mRNA expression from OCT4 (a); HBE, HBG and HBD (b); and SOCS1 (c), when targeted to the OCT4 distal enhancer (DE), HS2 enhancer or one of two intragenic SOCS1 enhancers, using pools of 3 (OCT4 DE), 4 (HS2), 3 (SOCS1 + 15 kb) or 2 (SOCS1 + 50 kb) gRNAs, respectively. d, CRISPR-DREAM and the SAM system activated sense eRNA expression when targeted to the NET1 enhancer using 2 gRNAs. e,f, CRISPR-DREAM and the SAM system bidirectionally activated eRNA expression when targeted to the KLK3 (e) or TFF1 (f) enhancers using pools of 4 or 3 gRNAs, respectively. g,h, CRISPR-DREAM and the SAM system activated the expression of lncRNA when targeted to the CCAT1 (g) or GRASLND (h) promoters using pools of 4 gRNAs, respectively. i, CRISPR-DREAM and the SAM system activated the expression of pre- and mature miR-146a when targeted to the miR-146a promoter using a pool of 4 gRNAs. All samples were processed for qPCR at 72 h post-transfection. Data are the result of 5 or 6 biological replicates for b and 4 biological replicates for a and c–i. See the source data for more information. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. P values were determined using unpaired two-sided t-test. E1, Enhancer 1; E2, Enhancer 2.

Source data