Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population, overall and according to the periodontal status
| Variable | Overall* |
|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (CV) | 45.42 (0.004) |
| Gender, N (%) | |
| Men | 9462 (49.6) |
| Women | 13,943 (50.4) |
| Smoking Status, N (%) | |
| Non-smokers | 18,564 (76.7) |
| Current smokers | 3983 (23.3) |
| Tooth brushing frequency, N (%) | |
| 0–1 per day | 3482 (14.0) |
| 2 per day | 9081 (38.1) |
| ≥ 3 per day | 10,842 (47.9) |
| Use of interproximal toothbrush, N (%) | |
| No | 14,821 (78.8) |
| Yes | 3991 (21.2) |
| Use of flossing toothbrush, N (%) | |
| No | 14,493 (76.0) |
| Yes | 4319 (24.0) |
| Educational Level, N (%) | |
| Primary school | 5355 (16.3) |
| Middle school | 2,420 (9.2) |
| High school | 7457 (38.9) |
| University/College | 7003 (35.6) |
| Monthly household income, N (%) | |
| Low | 4492 (15.0) |
| Middle low | 5911 (25.5) |
| Middle high | 6328 (29.5) |
| High | 6477 (30.0) |
| Gum diseases treatment last year, N (%) | |
| No | 20,391 (90.9) |
| Yes | 2178 (9.1) |
| Tooth filling last year, N (%) | |
| No | 19,963 (88.0) |
| Yes | 2606 (12.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (CV) | 23.75 (0.001) |
| Vitamin D serum levels (ng/dl), mean (CV) | 17.02 (0.008) |
| Alcoholism (AUDIT score), mean (CV) | 6.55 (0.011) |
| Diabetes status, N (%) | |
| Normal | 14,145 (71.6) |
| Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) | 4311 (19.8) |
| Diabetes | 2191 (8.5) |
| Stress, N (%) | |
| No/slightly stressed | 16,913 (73.4) |
| Moderately/highly stressed | 5628 (26.6) |
| Carbohydrates intake (g), mean (CV) | 321.36 (0.004) |
Data are presented as unweighted N (weighted %) for binary and categorical variables and as weighted mean (CV) for continuous variables
N is the unweighted population size for each group; the sum of N varied according to missing data for each variable
*Overall: N(unweighted) = 23,405; n(weighted) = 36,179,177
†CPI ≥ 3 case definition:
- No periodontitis: N(unweighted) = 16,438; n(weighted) = 26,551,495;
- Periodontitis: N(unweighted) = 6967; n(weighted) = 9627,683
‡ CPI = 4 case definition:
- No Severe Periodontitis: N(unweighted) = 21,436; n(weighted) = 33,465,041;
- Severe Periodontitis: N(unweighted) = 1969; n(weighted) = 2,714,136