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. 2023 Sep 16;27(11):6483–6492. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05253-2

Table 2.

Adjusted MDs (95% CIs) and ORs (95% CIs) for different caries measurements (untreated, treated and cumulative caries experience) according to the prevalence of periodontitis (CPI ≥ 3 case definition)

Variables Crude model
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 1
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 2
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 3
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 4
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 5
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 6
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 7
(Mean 95% CI)
Untreated dental caries (decayed)
  Number of decayed surfaces
   MD (95% CI) 0.85‡ (0.67/1.02) 0.65‡ (0.45/0.86)

0.63‡

(0.43/0.84)

0.53‡

(0.31/0.75)

 0.49‡ (0.29/0.70) 0.52‡ (0.32/0.73) 0.83‡ (0.42/1.24) 0.82‡ (0.41/1.23)
  Percentage of decayed surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

1.15‡

(0.87/1.43)

0.26

(− 0.10/0.63)

0.39*

(0.07–0.72)

0.24

(− 0.13/0.60)

0.23

(− 0.08/0.53)

0.27

(− 0.05/0.58)

0.91‡

(0.40/1.41)

0.91‡

(0.40/1.41)
  Number of decayed teeth
   MD (95% CI) 0.21‡ (0.15/0.27) 0.28‡ (0.21/0.34)

0.26‡

(0.19/0.33)

0.23‡

(0.14/0.30)

 0.21‡ (0.14/0.29) 0.23‡ (0.15/0.30) 0.36‡ (0.22/0.50) 0.36‡ (0.22/0.50)
  Percentage of decayed teeth
   MD (95% CI)

1.49‡

(1.11/1.87)

0.89‡

(0.46/1.32)

0.97‡

(0.57/1.37)

0.75‡

(0.30/1.19)

0.72‡

(0.33/1.12)

0.78‡

(0.38/1.19)

1.66‡

(1.01/2.32)

1.66‡

(1.01/2.32)
  Presence of at least 1 decayed surface/tooth—OR (95% CI)
   No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
   Yes 1.40‡ (1.30/1.52) 1.54‡ (1.42/1.68) 1.50‡ (1.38/1.63) 1.48‡ (1.35/1.62) 1.47‡ (1.34/1.62) 1.51‡ (1.38/1.66) 1.97‡ (1.66/2.32) 1.96‡ (1.66/2.32)
Treated dental caries (filled)
  Number of filled surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

 − 1.36‡

(− 1.80/ − 0.93)

 − 1.08‡

(− 1.53/ − 0.63)

 − 1.10‡

(− 1.46/ − 0.54)

 − 0.69†

(− 1.18/ − 0.19)

 − 0.49

(− 0.99/ − 0.01)

 − 0.50

(− 1.00/0.01)

 − 0.65

(− 1.57/0.27)

 − 0.66

(− 1.58/0.27)
  Percentage of filled surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

 − 0.24

(− 0.65/0.17)

 − 0.99‡

(− 1.41/ − 0.56)

 − 0.96‡

(− 1.39/ − 0.52)

 − 0.78‡

(− 1.26/ − 0.31)

 − 0.62*

(− 1.11/ − 0.14)

 − 0.63*

(− 1.11/ − 0.15)

 − 0.68

(− 1.52/0.16)

 − 0.69

(− 1.53/0.15)
  Number of filled teeth
   MD (95% CI)

 − 1.35‡

(− 1.49/ − 1.22)

 − 0.57‡

(− 0.71/ − 0.44)

 − 0.52‡

(− 0.66/ − 0.38)

 − 0.40‡

(− 0.55/ − 0.25)

 − 0.33‡

(− 0.48/ − 0.18)

 − 0.32‡

(− 0.47/ − 0.17)

 − 0.46†

(− 0.72/ − 0.20)

 − 0.46†

(− 0.72/ − 0.20)
  Percentage of filled teeth
   MD (95% CI)

 − 3.89‡

(− 4.42/ − 3.36)

 − 2.10‡

(− 2.64/ − 1.56)

 − 1.96‡

(− 2.52/ − 1.41)

 − 1.58‡

(− 2.18/ − 0.98)

 − 1.33‡

(− 1.93/ − 0.73)

 − 1.32‡

(− 1.91/-0.73)

 − 1.74‡

(− 2.80/ − 0.73)

 − 1.74‡

(− 2.80/ − 0.73)
  Presence of at least 1 filled surface/tooth—OR (95% CI)
   No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
   Yes 0.59‡ (0.55/0.64) 0.77‡ (0.70/0.84)

0.78‡

(0.72/0.86)

0.82‡

(0.74/0.91)

 0.84† (0.76/0.93) 0.83† (0.75/0.92) 0.73† (0.60/0.88) 0.73† (0.60/0.88)
Cumulative caries experience (decayed and filled)
  DFS score
   MD (95% CI)

 − 0.52*

(− 0.96/ − 0.07)

 − 0.43

(− 0.90/0.04)

 − 0.36

(− 0.84/0.12)

 − 0.16

(− 0.68/0.37)

0.00

(− 0.53/0.53)

0.03

(− 0.51/0.56)

0.17

(− 0.87/1.21)

0.17

(− 0.88/1.21)
  Percentage of decayed/filled surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

0.91‡

(0.42/1.40)

 − 0.72*

(− 1.28/-0.17)

 − 0.56*

(− 1.09/ − 0.03)

 − 0.55

(− 1.11/0.04)

 − 0.40

(− 0.97/0.18)

 − 0.36

(− 0.94/0.21)

0.22

(− 0.80/1.24)

0.22

(− 0.80/1.24)
  DFS/DFT score prevalences—OR (95% CI)
   DFS/DFT score = 0 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
   DFS/DFT score ≥ 1 0.73‡ (0.66/0.80)

0.98

(0.88/1.09)

0.98

(0.88/1.09)

1.04

(0.92/1.17)

1.06

(0.93/1.20)

1.06

(0.94/1.21)

1.02

(0.79/1.31)

1.02

(0.79/1.31)
  DFT score
   MD (95% CI)

 − 1.14‡

(− 1.28/ − 1.00)

 − 0.30‡

(− 0.43/ − 0.16)

 − 0.26‡

(− 0.40/ − 0.12)

 − 0.17*

(− 0.33/ − 0.012)

 − 0.11

(− 0.27/0.05)

 − 0.10

(− 0.25/0.06)

 − 0.10

(− 0.40/0.19)

 − 0.11

(− 0.40/0.19)
  Percentage of decayed/filled teeth
   MD (95% CI)

 − 2.40‡

(− 3.01/ − 1.79)

 − 1.21‡

(− 1.87/ − 0.56)

 − 1.00†

(− 1.63/ − 0.36)

 − 0.84*

(− 1.53/ − 0.14)

 − 0.61

(− 1.29/0.08)

 − 0.54

(− 1.22/0.15)

 − 0.08

(− 1.27/1.10)

 − 0.08

(− 1.27/1.11)

*Statistically significant (p < 0.05)

†Statistically significant (p < 0.01);

‡ Statistically significant (p < 0.001)

The independent variable is periodontitis and the dependent variable is a caries measurement

Model 1: adjusted for age and gender

Model 2: variables in Model 1 plus smoking status

Model 3: variables in Model 2 plus frequency of toothbrushing, use of interproximal toothbrush and use of flossing

Model 4: variables in Model 3 plus educational level and income

Model 5: variables in Model 4 plus gum diseases treatment last year and tooth filling last year

Model 6: variables in Model 5 plus BMI, Vitamin D levels, AUDIT score, diabetes mellitus, and stress

Model 7: variables in Model 6 plus carbohydrates intake