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. 2023 Sep 16;27(11):6483–6492. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05253-2

Table 3.

Adjusted MDs (95% CIs) and ORs (95% CIs) for different caries measurements (untreated, treated and cumulative caries experience) according to the prevalence of severe periodontitis (CPI = 4 case definition)

Variables Crude model
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 1
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 2
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 3
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 4
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 5
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 6
(Mean 95% CI)		 Model 7
(Mean 95% CI)
Untreated dental caries (decayed)
  Number of decayed surfaces
   MD (95% CI) 0.71‡ (0.43/0.99) 0.45† (0.16/0.74)

0.41†

(0.11/0.72)

0.31

(− 0.01/0.62)

0.25

(− 0.04/0.55)

0.29

(− 0.00/0.59)

0.32

(− 0.14/0.79)

0.33

(− 0.14/0.79)
  Percentage of decayed surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

0.97‡

(0.57/1.36)

0.06

(− 0.04/0.51)

0.14

(− 0.30/0.58)

 − 0.08

(− 0.57/0.40)

 − 0.08

(− 0.52/0.36)

 − 0.03

(− 0.47/0.41)

0.19

(− 0.44/0.81)

0.19

(− 0.44/0.81)
  Number of decayed teeth
   MD (95% CI) 0.17† (0.07/0.27) 0.20‡ (0.10/0.31)

0.19‡

(0.08/0.30)

0.13*

(0.02/0.24)

 0.11* (0.01/0.21) 0.12* (0.02/0.23) 0.19* (0.01/0.37) 0.19* (0.01/0.37)
  Percentage of decayed teeth
   MD (95% CI)

1.22‡

(0.67/1.77)

0.53

(− 0.07/1.13)

0.57

(− 0.04/1.18)

0.22

(− 0.43/0.88)

0.18

(− 0.41/0.78)

0.26

(− 0.34/0.85)

 0.97* (0.02/1.91) 0.96* (0.02/1.91)
  Presence of at least 1 decayed surface/tooth—OR (95% CI)
   No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
   Yes 1.37‡ (1.21/1.54) 1.44‡ (1.27/1.62)

1.39‡

(1.22/1.58)

1.34‡

(1.16/1.55)

 1.32‡ (1.14/1.52) 1.36‡ (1.18/1.57) 1.78‡ (1.32/2.39) 1.78‡ (1.32/2.39)
Treated dental caries (filled)
  Number of filled surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

 − 2.10‡

(− 2.73/ − 1.47)

 − 1.70‡

(− 2.33/ − 1.06)

 − 1.53‡

(− 2.20/ − 0.87)

 − 1.04†

(− 1.77/ − 0.32)

 − 0.95*

(− 1.68/ − 0.22)

 − 0.95*

(− 1.70/ − 0.21)

 − 0.60

(− 2.12/0.93)

 − 0.60

(− 2.12/0.93)
  Percentage of filled surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

 − 0.79*

(− 1.43/ − 0.16)

 − 1.39‡

(− 2.03/ − 0.76)

 − 1.31‡

(− 1.97/ − 0.65)

 − 1.02†

(− 1.75/ − 0.29)

 − 0.94*

(− 1.68/ − 0.19)

 − 0.94*

(− 1.70/ − 0.18)

 − 0.48

(− 1.98/1.01)

 − 0.48

(− 1.98/1.02)
  Number of filled teeth
   MD (95% CI)

 − 1.46‡

(− 1.65/ − 1.27)

 − 0.63‡

(− 0.82/ − 0.44)

 − 0.56‡

(− 0.76/ − 0.36)

 − 0.40‡

(− 0.62/ − 0.19)

 − 0.37†

(− 0.58/ − 0.16)

 − 0.36†

(− 0.57/ − 0.14)

 − 0.38

(− 0.79/0.04)

 − 0.37

(− 0.79/0.04)
  Percentage of filled teeth
   MD (95% CI)

 − 4.21‡

(− 4.99/ − 3.43)

 − 2.20‡

(− 2.98/ − 1.41)

 − 2.00‡

(− 2.82/ − 1.18))

 − 1.52‡

(− 2.42/ − 0.63)

 − 1.38†

(− 2.28/ − 0.49)

 − 1.36†

(− 2.27/ − 0.45)

 − 1.25

(− 2.97/0.48)

 − 1.24

(− 2.97/0.49)
  Presence of at least 1 filled surface/tooth—OR (95% CI)
   No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
   Yes 0.56‡ (0.50/0.63) 0.74‡ (0.65/0.83)

0.74‡

(0.65/0.85)

0.84*

(0.72/0.97)

 0.84* (0.73/0.98) 0.83* (0.72/0.97) 0.81 (0.60/1.10) 0.81 (0.60/1.10)
Cumulative caries experience (decayed and filled)
  DFS score
   MD (95% CI)

 − 1.39‡

(− 2.07/-0.72)

 − 1.25‡

(− 1.93/ − 0.57)

 − 1.12†

(− 1.83/ − 0.41)

 − 0.74

(− 1.51/0.03)

 − 0.70

(− 1.47/0.08)

 − 0.66

(− 1.45/0.13)

 − 0.28

(− 1.83/1.28)

 − 0.27

(− 1.83/1.29)
  Percentage of decayed/filled surfaces
   MD (95% CI)

0.17

(− 0.58/0.92)

 − 1.34†

(− 2.12/ − 0.56)

 − 1.18†

(− 1.95/ − 0.40)

 − 1.10*

(− 1.96/ − 0.25)

 − 1.02*

(− 1.87/ − 0.16)

 − 0.97*

(− 1.84/ − 0.10)

  − 0.30 (− 1.83/1.23)

 − 0.29

(− 1.83/1.24)
  DFS/DFT score prevalences—OR (95% CI)
   DFS/DFT score = 0 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
   DFS/DFT score ≥ 1 0.70‡ (0.61/0.81)

0.94

(0.81/1.09)

0.95

(0.81/1.11)

1.06

(0.89/1.27)

1.07

(0.89/1.28)

1.08

(0.90/1.29)

 1.16 (0.77/1.74) 1.16 (0.78/1.74)
  DFT score
   MD (95% CI)

 − 1.29‡

(− 1.50/ − 1.09)

 − 0.43‡

(− 0.63/ − 0.22)

 − 0.37†

(− 0.60/ − 0.16)

 − 0.27*

(− 0.50/ − 0.04)

 − 0.26*

(− 0.48/ − 0.03)

 − 0.23*

(− 0.46/ − 0.00)

 − 0.19

(− 0.62/0.25)

 − 0.19

(− 0.62/0.25)
  Percentage of decayed/filled teeth
   MD (95% CI)

 − 2.99‡

(− 3.92/ − 2.07)

 − 1.67†

(− 2.63/ − 0.71)

 − 1.43†

(− 2.42/ − 0.44)

 − 1.30†

(− 2.37/-0.24)

 − 1.20†

(− 2.24/-0.16)

 − 1.11*

(− 2.16/-0.06)

 − 0.28

(− 2.08/1.52)

 − 0.28

(− 2.08/1.52)

*Statistically significant (p < 0.05)

†Statistically significant (p < 0.01)

‡Statistically significant (p < 0.001)

The independent variable is severe periodontitis and the dependent variable is a caries measurement

Model 1: adjusted for age and gender

Model 2: variables in Model 1 plus smoking status

Model 3: variables in Model 2 plus frequency of toothbrushing, use of interproximal toothbrush and use of flossing

Model 4: variables in Model 3 plus educational level and income

Model 5: variables in Model 4 plus gum diseases treatment last year and tooth filling last year

Model 6: variables in Model 5 plus BMI, Vitamin D levels, AUDIT score, diabetes mellitus, and stress

Model 7: variables in Model 6 plus carbohydrates intake