Table 1.

NEDA-3 and NEDA-4 as endpoints in clinical trials

Clinical trial	Drug	Patient population	NEDA-3 as endpoint	NEDA-4 as endpoint
CLARITY [15]	Cladribine	RRMS	Post hoc	–
OPERA I/II [16]	Ocrelizumab	RMS	Secondary	–
CASTING [17]	Ocrelizumab	RRMS	Primary	–
CHORDS [18]	Ocrelizumab	RRMS	Primary	–
ASCLEPIOS I/II [19, 20]	Ofatumumab	RMS	Exploratory	Secondary
OPTIMUM [21]	Ponesimod	RMS	Exploratory	Exploratory
ULTIMATE I/II [7]	Ublituximab	RMS	Secondary	–
DEFINE/CONFIRM [22]	Dimethyl fumarate	RRMS	Post hoc	–
AFFIRM [14]	Natalizumab	RRMS	Post hoc	–
STRIVE [23]	Natalizumab	RRMS	Primary	–
FREEDOMS [24]	Fingolimod	RRMS	Exploratory	Post hoc
PANGAEA 2.0 [25]	Fingolimod	RRMS	–
ADVANCE/ATTAIN [26, 27]	Peginterferon-β1a	RRMS	Post hoc	–
PRISMS [28]	Interferon-β1a	RRMS	Exploratory	–
EVIDENCE [29]	Interferon-β1a	RRMS	Post hoc	–

NEDA no evidence of disease activity, NEDA-3 3-parameter no evidence of disease activity, NEDA-4 4-parameter no evidence of disease activity, RMS relapsing multiple sclerosis, RRMS relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis