Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included studies (N = 10).
| Author/YOP | Country | Glaucoma | Design | MME | Sample Size | Male | Age | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Stage | Definition | Diagnostic Method | Patients | Eyes | N | T | Mean | SD | |||
| Wolff et al. [17] | France | POAG | NR | Prospective Cohort | Hyporeflective perifoveal crescent-shaped lesions [small round hyporeflective microcysts confined to the retinal INL] | ‘En-face’ SD-OCT | NR | 85 | NR | NR | 43.4 | 3.3 |
| Brazerol et al. [30] | Switzerland | POAG - PEXG | NR | Cross-sectional | Vertical vacuoles in the INL of the macula | High-resolution OCT scans | 218 | 282 | NR | NR | 66 | 3.7 |
| El Maftouhi et al. [31] | France | POAG | NR | Retrospective Cohort | Pseudocysts in the INL of the macula | B-scan + ‘en-face’ OCT + central 10–2 VF analysis | 216 | 216 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hasegawa et al. [16] | Japan | POAG | Early, moderate, and advanced | Cross-sectional | Microcystic INL changes [cystic, lacunar areas of hyporeflectivity with clear boundaries, excluding lesions due to speckling artefact, in two or more adjacent B-scans] | Spectralis HRA + OCT | 143 | 258 | NA | 62 | 57.5 | 11.2 |
| Hasegawa et al. [19] | Japan | POAG | NR | Cross-sectional | INL microcystic lesions [coterminous with the dark areas of the cone mosaics on AO-SLO images] | B-scan + SD-OCT + ‘en-face’ SS-OCT | 35 | 35 | 17 | 17 | 60.4 | 10.4 |
| Jiramongkolchai et al. [8] | USA | Paediatric glaucoma | NR | Retrospective Case Series | Isolated microcystic changes [macular INL cysts] | SD-OCT | 227 | 227 | 103 | 227 | 12.16 | 4.18 |
| Mahmoudinezhad et al. [21] | USA | POAG | Mild, moderate, and advanced | Retrospective Cohort | Small hyporeflective round-elliptical cystoid spaces, without cyst walls, located in the INL and not confluent with cystoid spaces in other retinal layers. | Spectralis OCT | 315 | 315 | 146 | 315 | 61.61 | 9.91 |
| Murata et al. [20] | Japan | POAG - NTG - DG - PACG - PEXG - SOAG | Early, moderate, and advanced | Retrospective Cohort | Vacuoles observed in the INL on SD-OCT | ‘En-face’ SS-OCT | 341 | 636 | 183 | 341 | 61.36 | 14.83 |
| Wen et al. [14] | USA | POAG | NR | Retrospective Cohort | Numerous INL microcysts throughout the macula | OCT | 160 | 160 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Govetto et al. [6] | USA | POAG | Mild, moderate, and severe | Retrospective Case Series | Multiple, small hyporeflective roundish-elliptical cystoid spaces, without the presence of cyst wall, located in the INL and not confluent with cystoid spaces in other retinal layers | SD-OCT | 51 | 51 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
YOP year of publication, USA United States of America, POAG primary open-angle glaucoma, PEXG pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, NTG normal-tension glaucoma, PACG primary angle-closure glaucoma, SOAG secondary open-angle glaucoma, NR not reported, MME microcystic macular edema, INL inner nuclear layer, OCT optical coherence tomography, SD spectral domain, SS swept-source, VF visual field, HRA.