Fig. 4. Measured and predicted average X-ray spectra for different kicking locations and tapers.

The spectrum numbers obtained from both the measurements and predictions were averaged for each case, and each subplot displays a single case among the various operating configurations. The measured data is shown in blue, while the model predictions are in orange. The kicking locations are shown in different columns, and the taper and non-taper cases are displayed in the two rows, respectively. The predicted and measured spectra almost completely overlap with each other. The intensity of the spectrum data was normalized, so only the spectral shape was considered, without the intensity information. The spectra were plotted against pixels on the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) screen, without any calibration to energy units, as it was not necessary. A downstream kick resulted in a larger variation in the spectrum compared to an upstream kick. Moreover, the taper and non-taper cases exhibit opposite skewness in the spectrum.