Table 1.
Description of the study sample. Demographic data as well as the initial literacy skills of the participants separately depicted for the tACS group and the sham group. Data represent mean values. Standard deviation in parentheses.
| gamma-tACS | Sham-tACS | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (gender) | 14 (11 m/3 f) | 15 (11 m/4 f) | |
| Age (in years) | 11.85 (2.51) | 11.29 (2.37) | .505 |
| IQ | 96.07 (10.60) | 100 (11.55) | .252 |
| Phonemic skills (total score)* |
42.64 (9.7) | 42.2 (11.18) | .914 |
| Phonemic skills (subscale vowels /syllables)* |
43.43 (9.67) | 40.27 (10.49) | .591 |
| Phonemic skills (subscale words/sentences)* |
43.29 (10.09) | 47.87 (12.10) | .377 |
| Spelling performance (correct words)* |
32.79 (8.38) | 32.67 (9.05) | > .999 |
| Spelling performance (correct graphemes)* |
32.43 (7.41) | 34.0 (7.93) | .652 |
| Spelling performance (alphabetic strategy)* |
33.86 (10.91) | 39.53 (10.58) | .158 |
| Spelling performance (orthographic strategy)* | 31.86 (7.56) | 36.80 (7.79) | .172 |
| Reading performance (accuracy)* |
38.63 (6.27) | 34.36 (8.24) | .102 |
| Individual gamma frequency (power in µV*2) | 6.14 (3.65) | 8.89 (10.27) | .780 |
| Individual gamma frequency (peak frequency in Hz) | 40.28 (6.22) | 41.07 (6.04) | .683 |
*
Values represent T-scores. Note that a T-score of 50 represents the norm mean, while scores + /− 10 represent a standard deviation above/below norm, respectively.