Table 3.
Behavioral and electrophysiological data for all three measurement time points separately depicted for the tACS group and the sham group. Data represent mean values. Standard deviation in parentheses. a Behavioral data represent T-scores. Note that T-scores have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Asterisks represent significant group-differences as revealed by the LMM analysis.
| gamma-tACS | sham-tACS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t0 | t1 | t2 | t0 | t1 | t2 | |
| Phonemic skills (subscale vowels /syllables)a |
43.43 (9.67) | 45.21 (11.18) | 46.08 (6.82) | 40.27 (10.49) | 43.52 (13.55) | 47.79 (13.18) |
| Phonemic skills (subscale words/sentences)a |
43.29 (10.09) | 50.21 (9.72) * | 50.58 (10.17) | 47.87 (12.10) | 50.27 (12.73) | 54.00 (10.8) |
| Spelling performance (alphabetic strategy)a |
33.86 (10.91) | 34.43 (11.15) | 37.25 (13.15) | 39.53 (10.58) | 39.40 (9.70) | 39.21 (8.98) |
| Spelling performance (orthographic strategy)a |
31.86 (7.56) | 33.50 (10.22) | 38.08 (9.91) * | 36.80 (7.79) | 39.12 (7.91) | 38.63 (6.06) |
| Reading performance (accuracy)a |
38.63 (6.27) | 39.33 (5.72) | 42.19 (7.60) | 34.36 (8.24) | 36.49 (7.40) | 38.22 (10.94) |
| Individual gamma frequency (power in µV*2) | 6.14 (3.65) | 9.65 (4.58) * | 9.85 (9.32) | 8.89 (10.27) | 7.71 (7.75) | 11.50 (11.17) |
| Individual gamma frequency (peak frequency in Hz) | 40.28 (6.22) | 43.54 (6.50) | 43.90 (4.68) * | 41.07 (6.04) | 42.50 (7.37) | 39.92 (4.36) |