Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

Study	Year	Location	No. of population (cases)	Diagnosis method/record used for analysis
Park et al. [10]	2017	United States	1,404	National Death Register
Gelber et al. [15]	2011	Hawaii	118	Clinical and Neurological Tests
Loftfield et al. [16]	2015	United States	93	National Death Index
Lindsay et al. [17]	2002	Canada	107	Clinical and Neurological Tests
Cornelis et al. [14]	2022	United States	888	Clinical and Neurological Tests
Solfrizzi et al. [13]	2015	Italy	1,445	National Patient Register
Maia and de Mendonça [18]	2002	Portugal	54	Clinical and Neurological Tests
Noguchi-Shinohara et al. [19]	2014	Japan	26	Clinical and Neurological Tests
Larsson and Wolk [20]	2018	Sweden	1,483	National Patient Register
Laitala et al. [21]	2009	Finland	445	Clinical and Neurological Tests
Eskelinen et al. [22]	2009	Finland	58	Clinical and Neurological Tests