Table 3.
Unadjusted geometric mean hormone levels by potential covariates in postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy at the time of blood draw in the Nurses’ Health Study (n=1976)
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | Estrone (pg/mL) | Estrone sulfate (pg/mL) | Testosterone (ng/dL) | DHEAS (ug/dL) | Prolactin (ng/mL) | SHBG (nmol/L) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | |
| Age at blood draw | ||||||||||||||
| <55 | 649 | 5.3 (5.1–5.6) | 612 | 22.7 (21.8–23.5) | 519 | 239.3 (225.2–254.3) | 781 | 19.1 (18.5–19.8) | 557 | 68.6 (64.6–72.8) | 506 | 9.1 (8.8–9.5) | 739 | 54.5 (52.5–56.6) |
| ≥55 | 975 | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) | 924 | 22.9 (22.2–23.6) | 663 | 226.4 (214.9–238.4) | 1088 | 20.3 (19.7–21.0) | 817 | 51.2 (48.7–53.8) | 686 | 8.8 (8.5–9.1) | 1040 | 57.2 (55.5–58.9) |
| t-test p-value | 0.20 | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.009 | <0.0001 | 0.20 | 0.05 | |||||||
| Years since menopause | ||||||||||||||
| <10 | 632 | 5.4 (5.1–5.6) | 598 | 22.9 (22.1–23.8) | 501 | 242.2 (227.5–257.8) | 743 | 19.2 (18.6–19.9) | 530 | 68.0 (64.0–72.4) | 482 | 9.2 (8.9–9.6) | 707 | 53.5 (51.5–55.6) |
| ≥10 | 992 | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) | 938 | 22.7 (22.1–23.4) | 681 | 224.7 (213.6–236.4) | 1126 | 20.2 (19.6–20.9) | 844 | 51.9 (49.4–54.6) | 710 | 8.7 (8.5–9.0) | 1072 | 57.8 (56.1–59.5) |
| t-test p-value | 0.08 | 0.69 | 0.07 | 0.03 | <0.0001 | 0.05 | 0.002 | |||||||
| BMI | ||||||||||||||
| <25 | 830 | 4.1 (4.0–4.3) | 789 | 20.1 (19.5–20.7) | 591 | 189.9 (180.8–199.5) | 958 | 19.8 (19.2–20.5) | 708 | 58.3 (55.2–61.6) | 612 | 9.0 (8.7–9.3) | 923 | 68.9 (67.1–70.8) |
| 25–29.3 | 531 | 5.7 (5.5–6.0) | 499 | 23.6 (22.6–24.6) | 392 | 248.2 (231.7–265.8) | 622 | 19.5 (18.7–20.3) | 458 | 57.7 (54.0–61.7) | 392 | 9.0 (8.6–9.4) | 581 | 48.4 (46.6–50.3) |
| ≥30 | 263 | 8.9 (8.4–9.4) | 248 | 31.9 (30.2–33.8) | 199 | 367.6 (334.8–403.7) | 289 | 20.5 (19.4–21.8) | 208 | 55.1 (49.8–61.1) | 188 | 8.7 (8.1–9.3) | 275 | 38.3 (36.1–40.7) |
| t-test p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.36 | 0.63 | 0.60 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||
| Never | 729 | 5.3 (5.1–5.5) | 691 | 22.8 (22.0–23.6) | 532 | 245.8 (231.7–260.7) | 832 | 19.5 (18.8–20.2) | 625 | 57.5 (54.4–60.8) | 528 | 9.3 (8.9–9.6) | 788 | 55.7 (53.8–57.7) |
| Former | 673 | 5.2 (5.0–5.4) | 636 | 22.6 (21.8–23.5) | 491 | 228.4 (214.8–242.8) | 778 | 19.5 (18.8–20.2) | 565 | 54.7 (51.3–58.3) | 498 | 9.0 (8.6–9.3) | 740 | 54.2 (52.3–56.3) |
| Current | 222 | 5.1 (4.7–5.4) | 209 | 23.5 (22.1–24.9) | 159 | 200.3 (180.3–222.5) | 259 | 21.8 (20.5–23.1) | 184 | 68.2 (61.2–76.0) | 166 | 7.9 (7.4–8.4) | 251 | 62.9 (59.3–66.8) |
| ANOVA p-value | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.0002 | 0.0003 | |||||||
| Alcohol (grams/day) | ||||||||||||||
| No regular use | 646 | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) | 609 | 23.9 (23.0–24.8) | 463 | 230.8 (215.8–246.8) | 741 | 20.1 (19.4–20.9) | 559 | 52.8 (49.6–56.2) | 465 | 8.8 (8.4–9.1) | 703 | 54.0 (51.9–56.2) |
| ≤20 | 798 | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | 759 | 22.0 (21.3–22.7) | 587 | 223.6 (212.1–235.7) | 913 | 19.3 (18.7–20.0) | 661 | 58.9 (55.8–62.2) | 595 | 9.1 (8.7–9.4) | 879 | 57.9 (56.0–59.7) |
| >20 | 110 | 5.3 (4.8–5.8) | 106 | 22.9 (20.9–25.0) | 85 | 275.0 (237.9–318.0) | 130 | 21.2 (19.4–23.3) | 91 | 82.1 (70.2–95.9) | 81 | 8.7 (7.8–9.7) | 117 | 54.9 (50.3–60.0) |
| ANOVA p-value | <0.0001 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 0.07 | <0.0001 | 0.46 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Hysterectomy | ||||||||||||||
| No | 1342 | 5.2 (5.1–5.4) | 1275 | 22.8 (22.2–23.4) | 992 | 237.4 (227.4–247.8) | 1545 | 20.4 (19.9–20.9) | 1128 | 60.4 (57.9–63.1) | 996 | 8.9 (8.6–9.1) | 1471 | 56.3 (54.9–57.8) |
| Yes | 282 | 5.1 (4.8–5.5) | 261 | 22.8 (21.5–24.1) | 190 | 205.5 (186.2–226.7) | 324 | 17.5 (16.4–18.5) | 246 | 46.4 (42.2–51.0) | 196 | 9.2 (8.7–9.8) | 308 | 54.8 (51.8–57.9) |
| t-test p-value | 0.70 | 0.99 | 0.008 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.26 | 0.38 | |||||||
| Unilateral oophorectomy | ||||||||||||||
| No | 1517 | 5.2 (5.1–5.4) | 1435 | 22.8 (22.2–23.3) | 1102 | 233.8 (224.5–243.5) | 1745 | 20.0 (19.5–20.5) | 1295 | 58.2 (55.9–60.6) | 1112 | 8.9 (8.7–9.2) | 1659 | 56.0 (54.7–57.4) |
| Yes | 107 | 5.0 (4.5–5.6) | 101 | 23.3 (21.3–25.6) | 80 | 207.6 (177.1–243.2) | 124 | 17.5 (16.0–19.1) | 79 | 49.0 (40.6–59.0) | 80 | 9.1 (8.2–10.1) | 120 | 56.7 (51.5–62.4) |
| t-test p-value | 0.49 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.004 | 0.04 | 0.74 | 0.81 | |||||||
| Irregular cycles | ||||||||||||||
| No | 1317 | 5.2 (5.0–5.3) | 1248 | 22.8 (22.2–23.4) | 970 | 234.3 (224.2–244.9) | 1513 | 19.7 (19.2–20.2) | 1110 | 58.1 (55.6–60.7) | 974 | 9.0 (8.8–9.3) | 1445 | 56.8 (55.3–58.3) |
| Yes | 206 | 5.5 (5.1–5.9) | 196 | 23.6 (22.2–25.2) | 140 | 239.5 (215.6–266.1) | 240 | 20.5 (19.2–21.8) | 181 | 54.6 (49.0–60.7) | 143 | 8.7 (8.1–9.4) | 223 | 52.3 (49.0–55.9) |
| t-test p-value | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.73 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.02 | |||||||