Table 2.
miRs that can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in IBD and CRC
| miRs | Up/down-regulation | Diagnostic/Prognostic/ risk marker/therapeutic in disease | Role | Refernces |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-145, miR-143 | Down | Diagnostic/CRC High level in TNM stage I-II | Decrease cell growth in carcinoma cell line | [102] |
| miR-20a, miR-143, miR-150, and let-7a | Up | Diagnostic/CRC High level in TNM stage III | Regulate cell cycle, cell division, etc | [102] |
| miR‑200c and miR-18a | Up | Diagnostic /Prognosis/CRC | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, tumorigenesis | [103, 104] |
| miR-19a | Up | Diagnostic /CRC | Proliferation, migration, and invasion | [105] |
| miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-16-5p | Up | Therapeutic/Prognostic/IBD-CRC | Oncogenic | [106–108] |
| miR-31 | Up | Diagnosis/Prognosis/IBD-CRC | Intrinsic regulator of homeostasis, stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and epithelial cell death | [109] |
| miR-155 | Up | Diagnosis/CRC | Oncogenic, immune function | [110] |
| miR-214 | Up | Diagnosis/ Therapeutic/CRC | Coordinating tumor proliferation, stemness, angiogenesis, invasiveness, immune response | [111] |
| miR-124 | Down | Diagnosis/CRC | Involved in the EMT, regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway | [38] |
| miR-193a-3p | Down | Diagnosis/Prognosis/CRC | Proliferation, migration and invasion | [112] |
| miR-139-5p | Down | Diagnosis/Prognosis/IBD-CRC | Tumor suppressive role | [113, 114] |
| miR-133a | Down | Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic/CRC | Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis via targeting SOX9 | [115] |
| miR-124a | Down | Risk marker of Colitis-Associated Cancer in Patients with UC | Inhibit proliferation, glycolysis, and energy metabolism | [116] |
| miR-155 | Down | Diagnosis/Therapeutic/IBD-CRC | Regulate immune responses | [117] |
| miR-17 | Up | Diagnostic/Prognostic /IBD-CRC | Regulate cell division and cell cycle | [118] |
| miR-20a | Up | Diagnostic /CRC | Oncogenic, promoting cell growth and motility | [119] |
| miR-223 | Up | Diagnostic /IBD-CRC | Differentiation and activation of granulocytes | [120] |
| miR-29b | Down | Prognostic/Therapeutic/CRC | Inhibit tumor growth and metastasis | [121] |
| miR-370-3p | Up | Prognostic/Therapeutic/ UC-CRC | Inhibiting inflammation, and EMT | [58] |
| miR-31, -106a, and -135b | Dysregulated | Prognostic/UC-CRC | Cell growth | [122] |
| miR-320 | Down | Diagnostic/Prognostic/IBD-CRC | Tumor suppressor | [123] |
| miR-34a/miR-34a-5p | Down | Diagnosis/Prognosis/IBD/CRC | Inhibits tumorigenesis of CRC via c-MYC/DNMT3a/PTEN pathway | [110, 124] |
| miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p | Up | Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic/CRC | CRC metastasis | [125] |
| miR-126 | Up | Diagnosis, Prognosis/UC | Increase inflammatory responses via NF-κB pathway | [126] |
TNM: Tumor, nodes, and metastases, EMT: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, UC: Ulcerative Colitis;