Table 1.
Summary of study characteristics of publications included in the meta-analysis of the association between baseline HPV serostatus and type-specific HPV detection (Np = 26)
| References | Studya | Populationb | Mean/median agec | N | Follow up durationd | HPV type | Serologic assaye | DNA assay primers | Detection sitef | Outcome measureg | Effect measureh | Variables controlled for | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wilson et al. [28] | ALTS (RCT) | Females | NA | 2302 | Dur = 24 | 16, 18, 31,33, 35, 45, 52, 58 | Luminex | PGMY9/11 | Cervical | Incident detection | OR | New sex partner during follow up | High |
| Eldridge et al. [50] | ALTS (RCT) | Females with ASCUS or LSIL | Never smoker: Mean = 28.9 (sd = 9.6), Former smoker: 35 (12), Current smoker: 27.5 (8.4) | 1976 | Dur = 24 | 16 | Luminex | PGMY9/11 | Cervical | Incident detection | aOR | Age, age at sexual debut, lifetime no. of sexual partners | Medium |
| S]afaeian et al. [25] | CVT (RCT) | Young females | Median = 21 IQR = 19–23 | 2813–2950 | Dur = 48 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection, Ab level in tertile | aIRR | Age, education, marital status, lifetime no. of partners, and smoking status | Medium |
| Lin et al. [22] | CVT (RCT) | Young females | NA | 388 | Max = 48 | 16 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection, Ab level in tertile | OR | None | Medium |
| Robbins et al. [51] | CVT (RCT) | Females | NA | 488 | Dur = 48 | 16, 18 | Luminex | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection | aOR | Lifetime no. of sexual partners at enrollement | Medium |
| Kelly et al. [40] | HARP (Cohort) | Females living with HIV | NA | 604 | Median = 16 | 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58, 18, 39, 45, 59, 68, 56, 6, 11, 73 | Multiplex PsV-Luminex assay | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection | aOR | Age, smoking, condom, vaginal washing, bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, CD4 count, and antiretroviral therapy status at baseline, and seropositivity for HPV type from same family group | Medium |
| Viscidi et al. [20] | HERS (Cohort) | Females | NA | 413 | Max = 72 | 16, 18, 31, 35, 45 | VLP-ELISA | MY09/11 | Cervico-vaginal | Incident detection, HIV-/ + | aHR | Time-varying number of male sexual partners in the last 6 months at each study visit, and baseline CD4 (for HIV-positive women only) | Medium |
| Beachler et al. [14] | HIM (Cohort) | MSM | Mean = 33.1 (sd = 10.1) | 475 | Median = 50.4 | 16 | VLP-ELISA | PGMY9/11 | Penile, anal | Incident detection, Ab level in tertile | aHR | Age, country, sexual orientation, lifetime no.of sex partners, no. of recent sex partners, and circumcision status | High |
| Lu et al. [52] | HIM (Cohort) | Males | Mean = 29.8 (sd = 8.1) | 285 | Median = 15.5 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | PGMY9/11 | Penil | Incident detection | IRR | None | Medium |
| Lu et al. [53] | HIM (Cohort) | Males | NA | 2187 | Median = 24 | 16 | VLP-ELISA | PGMY9/12 | Penil | Incident detection | RR/aHR | Age,sexual orientation, lifetime no. of sex partners, circumcision, no. of new sex partners | High |
| Pamnani et al. [16] | HIM (Cohort) | Males | NA | 4103 | Dur = 48 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | Not reported | Penil | Incident detection, persistent detection (6mo) | aHR | Marital status, alcohol use, lifetime male sexual partners, new female partners in past 6–12 months | Medium |
| Pierce Campbell et al. [17] | HIM (Cohort) | Males | Median = 32 IQR = 24–41 | 1618 | Median = 12.7 | 6, 16 | VLP-ELISA | PGMY9/12 | Oral | Incident detection | HR | None | Medium |
| Mooij et al. [15] | H2M (Cohort) | MSM | NA | 719 | Dur = 12 | 16, 18 | Luminex | SPF10 | Anal | Incident detection, Ab level in tertile, HIV-/ + | aHR | HIV status, age, smoking, no.of lifetime male sex partners, no.of recent anal sex partners, anal sex position in the last 6 months, and having been fisted in the last 6 months | Medium |
| Herrero et al. [54] | NCT00128661 (RCT) | Young females | NA | 2677 | Median = 50.4 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Persistent detection (6/12 mo) | IRR | None | Medium |
| Konno et al. [55] | NCT00929526 (RCT) | Young females | Mean = 22.4 (sd = 1.7) | 752 | Max = 48 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection | RR | None | Medium |
| Yao et al. [56] | NCT01735006 | Females | NA | 3476 | Dur = 24 | 16, 18 | PBNA, VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection | HR | Age at enrolment | High |
| Viscidi et al. [19] | NHS (Cohort) | Females | NA | 7046 | Dur = 60–84 | 16, 18, 31 | VLP-ELISA | MY09/11 | Cervical | Incident detection, Ab level in tertile | RR | None | Medium |
| Wentzensen et al. [27] | NHS (Cohort) | Females | NA | 974 | Dur = 84 | 16, 18, 6, 11 | VLP-ELISA | PGMY9/11 | Cervical | Incident detection | aOR | Stratified sampling | Medium |
| Beachler et al. [57] | POPS/MACS (Cohort) | MSM, females | NA | 756 | Max = 42 | 16, 33, 45 | VLP-ELISA | PGMY9/11 | Oral | Incident detection, Ab level in tertile, HIV-/ + | aOR | Age, gender, smoking status, no.of recent and lifetime oral sex partners, HIV/CD4 status, study site, and frequency of recent toothbrushing | Medium |
| Szarewski et al. [58] | PATRICIA (RCT) | Young females | NA | 9325 | Mean = 39.4 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection, persistent detection (12 mo) | IRR (self calculated) | None | Medium |
| Castellsague et al. [21] | PATRICIA (RCT) | Young females | NA | 8225 | Max = 48 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection, Ab level in quartile | aIRR | Marital status, tobacco exposure, age at first sexual intercourse, no. of recent sexual partners, no. of sexual partners (past year), pregnancy, sexually transmitted infection history, and region | Medium |
| Safaeian et al. [24] | PATRICIA/CVT | Young females | Mean = 20.4 (sd = 3) | 9337 (PATRICIA), 3736 (CVT) | Dur = 48 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection, Ab level in quartile | aIRR | Study, geographical region, marital status, cigarette smoking, lifetime no. of sexual partners, Chlamydia trachomatis infection at enrollment, age at first sexual intercourse, and previous pregnancy | Medium |
| Triglav et al. [26] | Slovenian HPV Prevalence Study (Cohort) | Females | Mean = 37.2 | 2199 | Dur = 36 | 16 | Multiplex PsV-Luminex assay | not reported | Cervical | Incident detection | OR | Age | Medium |
| Moscicki et al. [59] | University of California HPV natural history study (Cohort) | Females | Seropositive: Mean = 19.76 (2.14) Seronegative: 18.93 (2.06) | 1543 | Max = 168 | 16 | Luminex | PGMY9/11 | Cervical | Incident detection | IRR | None | Medium |
| Rosillon et al. [23] | VIVIANE (RCT) | Females | NA | 2687–2705 | Dur = 84 | 16, 18 | VLP-ELISA | SPF10 | Cervical | Incident detection, persistent detection (6/12 mo) | aHR | Region, age at inclusion, age at first sexual intercourse, marital status, smoking status at baseline, no.of sexual partners during the past year, previous pregnancy, history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, history of HPV infection/treatment or nonintact cervix | Medium |
| Viscidi et al. [18] | WIHS (Cohort) | Females | Median = 36–45 | 2559 | Max = 18 | 16 | VLP-ELISA | MY09/11 | Cervico-vaginal | Incident detection, HIV-/ + | HR | None | Medium |
aPOPS/MACS = the Persistent Oral human Papillomavirus Study (POPS) nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (Conducted in US); HIM = the Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men study (US, Brazil, Mexico); PATRICIA = the Papilloma Trial Against the cancer in Young Aduls (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Finland, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Philippines, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, UK, US); ALTS = the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) Triage Study (US); NCT001288661 (Costa Rica); HARP = HPV in Africa Research Partnership (South Africa); NCT00929526 (Japan); CVT = the Costa Rica HPV16/18 Vaccine Trial (Costa Rica); H2M = HIV& HPV in MSM (the Netherlands); University of California HPV natural history study (US); VIVIANE = Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity And Efficacy (Australia, Canada, Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, the UK, and the USA); Slovenian HPV Prevalence Study (Slovenia); WIHS = the Women’s Interagency HIV (US); NHS = the Guanacaste Natural History Study; HERS = the HPV Epidemiology Research Study (Costa Rica). b MSM = Men who have sex with men; MSW = Men who have sex with women; MSWM = Men who have sex with women and men. c Mean or median age of the participants is reported (based on what is reported in the publication). IQR = interquartile range; sd = standard deviation. When only a range of age is reported as a median or mean, the age range is indicated. dDur = planned duration of follow up period. Max = Maximum follow up period. Median = Median follow up period. eVLP-ELISA = Virus-Like Particle Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; PsV-Luminex assay = Pseudovirion-based Luminex assay. fSite of infection studied. "Penile" includes penile and scrotal site. gTypes of the outcome of interest reported in each publication. Ab level in tertile/ quartile = publications reporting estimates of association by HPV antibody level; HIV − / + = publications reporting separate estimates by baseline HIV status. hEffect measure reported as the primary outcome measure by the publication. OR = odds ratio; HR = Hazards ratio; RR = Risks ratio; IRR = Incidence rates ratio (“a” prefix for adjusted estimates)