MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors attenuate the MDS-AML transformation in NHD13 mice. (A-C) The numbers of WBCs, RBCs and PLTs in C57B/L6 mice or NHD13 mice in the different groups were counted using a full-automatic blood cell analyzer. (D) The protein levels of ERK, p-ERK, AKT and p-AKT in the peripheral blood of C57B/L6 mice or NHD13 mice in the different groups were determined using western blot analysis. (E) The numbers of NHD13 mice in which MDS transformed to AML within 14 months (420 days) and the transformation time. (F) The survival rates of NHD13 mice were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. (A-D) n=6; multi-group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. (E and F) n=12; comparisons between groups were performed using the log-rank test. p-, phosphorylated; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cell; PLT, platelet.