Fig. 3.

Hemodynamics in the femoral vein assessed at baseline (without NMES) and during Q-NMES at muscle contraction (ML I) and after an increase of six NMES levels from muscle contraction (ML II). The current amplitude to reach ML I was 14.1 mA (10.7–19.9 mA) and ML II was 19.6 mA (17.0–23.8 mA). p-values calculated with Wilcoxon signed rank test, significant values are bold. *Outlier, 143.1 cm/s. Q-NMES neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle, PVV peak venous velocity, mA milliampere, ML measurement level