Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Group 1 (n = 45) |
Group 2 (n = 79) |
Group 3 (n = 29) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 15.0 ± 2.4 (10.4–18.9) | 14.9 ± 2.4 (7.8–18.7) | 31.4 ± 10.5 (19.1–59.5)ce |
| Male sex, n (%) | 28 (62) | 35 (44) | 13 (45) |
| Height (cm) | 169 ± 14 (142–194) | 163 ± 20 (62–200) | 170 ± 12 (149–195) |
| Weight (kg) | 63 ± 18 (33–99) | 59 ± 17 (22–115) | 74 ± 16 (43–112)ae |
| BSA (m2) | 1.7 ± 0.3 (1.1–2.3) | 1.6 ± 0.3 (0.9–2.5) | 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.4–2.2)e |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 71 ± 14 (47–102) | 73 ± 14 (45–106) | 71 ± 14 (52–102) |
| SV (mL) | 92 ± 27 (39–142) | 79 ± 22 (39–163)b | 83.8 ± 15.2 (57–115) |
| CO (L/min) | 6.4 ± 1.5 (3.5–9.0) | 5.7 ± 1.5 (2.8–10.4)a | 5.9 ± 1.2 (3.9–8.1) |
| EF (%) | 63 ± 6 (53–76) | 64 ± 6 (52–81) | 63 ± 8 (47–90) |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 70.3 ± 14.3 (39.0–100.0) | 66.6 ± 14.2 (36.6–103.9) | 66.3 ± 14.2 (34.5–100.0) |
| RM | 0.52 ± 0.13 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.56 ± 0.10 |
| Tr (ms) | 268 ± 54 | 274 ± 61 | 288 ± 47 |
| Af (mm2) | 171 ± 71 | 190 ± 59 | 200 ± 53 |
| Ab (mm2) | 86 ± 35 | 98 ± 33 | 112 ± 35b |
| Pf (mmHg)* | 42.5 ± 13.0 | 38.0 ± 14.9 | 44.2 ± 10.3 |
| Pb (mmHg)* | 21.1 ± 5.8 | 19.0 ± 7.5 | 23.2 ± 6.0d |
aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001, Group 2 or 3 vs Group 1; dP < 0.05, eP < 0.002, Group 2 vs Group 3
*n = 34 (Group 1), n = 70 (Group 2), n = 25 (Group 3) due to missing blood pressure data
Data presented as mean ± SD (range) or number (%)