Table 2.
Methodological quality of the included studies with evaluation
| Articles | Reporting | External validity | Internal validity bias | Internal validity confounding | Power | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zietz et al. 2008 [58] | 9 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 19 |
| Gobbi et al. 2012 [23] | 10 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 22 |
| Papalia et al. 2016 [41] | 9 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 25 |
| Tamburrino et al. 2016 [51] | 9 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 20 |
| Wu et al. 2017 [56] | 9 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 20 |
| Migliore et al. 2019 [38] | 10 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 21 |
| Altamura et al. 2020 [1] | 10 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 21 |
| Bernetti et al. 2020 [9] | 8 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
| Bernetti et al. 2021 [8] | 11 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 23 |
| Perticarini et al. 2021 [43] | 11 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 21 |